宅地開發시 道路供給指標에 根據한 適正 道路供給量 算定 硏究

택지개발에 필요한 적정 도로 공급량을 산정한다.

Today in Korea, there has been largely residential area development in Seoul and regional metropolitan area. Since these development projects cost about 100 billions won, it is very important to find cost effective method. Especially, the residential concern has been growing and this is having ripple effect. It is also important to seek a cost effective optimizing methodology. Road facilitates are not just spaces to pass for the vehicle, but the main infrastructure to form a urban structure in residential area development. Too little roadway supply is to be a problem about transportation, too much supply is undesirable in a cost-benefit aspect. Thus, it is necessary to supply roadways.

Although they have used the 'ratio of roadway' and the 'roadway index considering the land-use and the roadway scale', they have a limit to find out the level of roadway supply. Since 21 century, the outside circumstances have been considered as important factor to be the environmental sound and sustainable development (ESSD), which represents in transportation part, it seems to be a sidewalk. The public institution and the private company supplied numerous sidewalks. In spite of these efforts, these makes a disutility about housing development, because of undesirable planning criterion which makes inefficient and unsafe roadway. This study have two objectives.

1st, this study will present desirable method which estimates a level of supply using existing 28 residential areas objectively and reasonably. And 2nd, this study will suggest the proper scales of sidewalk by finding the cause of walking circumstance. In order to estimate the level of roadway supply, Performance Index A(PIA) and Performance Index B(PIB)are calculated by recalculating weight of existing roadway supply index. PIA is related to land-use and breadth of roadway, and PIB is related to accommodate populations and urbanized area.

And then it is carried out hypothesis testing to know whether this roadway supply index is to be a criterion of supply using 'average travel speed' and 'RMSE'. Also, PIA and PIB are applied to residential area development. As a result, if there are less than 30,000 people, traffic pattern is similar to 'PIA’. Otherwise, if there are more than 30,000 people, it is similar to 'PIB'. Also, we divide roadways into a broad way, middle way and narrow way according to its breadth, calculate average travel speed of each roadways, and compute optimal ratio of roadway for residential area development. To develop evaluation techniques for sidewalk supply level, we introduce a concept of Space Syntax.

The process to develop evaluation index of sidewalk supply level is as follows. First, we compute correlation between observed value of walking volume and calculated value through space syntax analysis on the subject of 8 residential area development which are completed resident settlement. As a result, Local Integration relates to amount of walking strongly. Therefore, we establish methodology for prediction of walking volume using local integration, productive population and residential area development. Second, we define sidewalk supply index as the ratio of real sidewalk supply level to ideal sidewalk supply level considering walking volume.

And then we compute occupied space for walking to calculate ideal sidewalk supply level. Third, we convert an estimated volume of walking to volume of walking per minute and establish sidewalk supply index for computing occupied space for walking. The result of application of sidewalk supply index shows values from 0.04(Majeon, Incheon) to 1.22(Sangdong, Busan) and the case of the value is smaller than 1, the real sidewalk supply level is lower than ideal sidewalk supply level, so it is difficult to manage walking demand and causes inconvenience to pedestrian in correspond to walking network.

If the value is larger than 1, it means an excessive supply of sidewalk compare to ideal sidewalk supply level. This is caused by site design with the instinct of a planner or car oriented road design, and it raises inefficiency on aspect of benefit-cost. To evaluate the roadway and sidewalk supply index with user's point of view, we carry out survey analysis on level of residential satisfaction. It performs on the subject of 8 residential area development which are conducted for resident settlement and convert level of residential satisfaction to grade which is from 1 to 5 point using likert scale.

As a result of survey, the values are from 2.58(Dongcheon, Yongin) to 3.70(Majeon, Incheon), and in the case of sidewalk, the values are from 2.85(Majeon, Incheon) to 3.60(Sangdong, Busan). Also we compare quantitative index from supply level evaluation and qualitative index from results of survey to related studies of foreign countries. we can find similarities between these studies but there are dissimilarities caused by management of roadway or facilities for pedestrians. Through roadway and sidewalk supply index established in this study, we can predict the level of service by evaluating road way and sidewalk supply level in a developmental stage of residential area development.

Also we can determine optimal supply level of urban facilities for resident's satisfaction and optimize benefit-cost ratios efficiently. This study is needed to develop a design method of walking networks by analyzing walking corridor from microscopic point of view. 우리나라는 현재 수도권 및 지방 대도시를 중심으로 택지개발사업이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 이러한 택지개발사업은 개발계획에 따라 수천억 원 상당의 비용이 투입됨에 따라 사업 투자비용 대비 최대 효과 산출 방안을 찾는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 특히, 주민들의 관심이 집중되고 사업시행에 따른 파급효과가 크게 발생하는 특징을 갖고 있어 비용-효율간의 관계가 더욱 중요시되고 있다. 따라서 택지개발 분야의 기술연구 또한 비용-효율간의 최적화방안을 연구하는 것이 중요하다. 택지개발에 있어 도로시설은 단순히 차량 소통만을 위한 공간이 아닌, 지역 공간구조를 형성하는 주요 도시 기반시설로 과소한 도로 공급은 차량의 통행에 문제가 되며, 과다한 도로 공급은 비용-효용 측면에서 상당히 불합리하다. 따라서 최근 신도시 및 택지개발에 따른 적정 도로시설 공급은 필수요소이다.

이러한 도로시설 공급수준을 평가하기 위해 ‘도로율’과 ‘토지이용 및 도로규모를 고려한 도로지표’가 적용되고 있으나, 도로 공급수준을 파악하는데 한계가 있다. 한편, 21세기 들어 환경 친화적 도시개발을 위해서는 주택 외부환경도 매우 중요하다는 것을 인식하