서울시 개발제한구역 내 택지개발이 습지 잠재성에 미치는 영향 연구

개발제한구역 내 택지개발이 습지 잠재성에 미치는 영향을 살폈다.

This study was designed to evaluate ecological potential and value of wetland by investigating ecological status of the arable land which used to be the paddy field wetland in green belt area under continuous pressure for development. And it was intended to promote a sustainable development in green belt zone and prevent sprawled development in similar areas by assessing what kind of effects development of affordable housing known as 'Bogeum Jari' housing would put on the wetland potential. The study site surrounded by Daemo Mountain was mostly compose of flat lands and gentle-slope lands of which the original ground on alluvial layer accounted for 28.5%.

The site was excessively wet with deep effective soil depth and poor drainage and had a 4,573-long net water system mainly centering on rivers and arable lands. The lands currently being used for plastic greenhouses and fields belonged to rice paddies in the past, according to the area of land category. As the current geographical features, soil and water system have kept the trace of the past rice paddy, it was thought that there is a high potential for restoration and enhancement of wetland. The ecological potential of wetland was hinted by the 38 hygrophilous plants species existing in the water system.

In order to evaluate the ecological potential of wetland, indicator animals such as butterflies, dragonflies, wild birds, amphibians, fishes, and mammals were examined by each season. butterflies had relatively big population size with 23 species and dragonflies showed various habitats with 14 species. Also, amphibians of 6 species, wild birds of 26 species, fishes of 2 species, and mammals of 4 species were investigated in the study, indicating that there are various bio-species inhabiting.

Expecially, Rana dybowskii, Bufo gargarizans and Mustela sibirica, whose populations are known to be decreasing, appeared, and thus raising the potential of wetland and possibility of ecosystem restoration and enhancement. As accounting for only 3.15% in the restricted development are of Seoul city, the wetland is thought to have a high ecological potential value. In addition, if Segok (2) District is developed under the residential land development system, the green axis stretching from Guryong Mountain to Daemo Mountain to Segok (2) District to Gwangpyeong Prince Tomb to Tancheon(Stream) will be disconnected.

When comparing with the ecological landscape preservation area of Dunchon-dong, the ecological landscape preservation area of Jingwan-dong, the ecological landscape preservation area of Bangi-dong, and the eco park of Umyeonsan within green belt zone of Soul city, it was found that the water system was considerably long, consequently showing a high ecological potential of wetland. Land use plan of Segok (2) District and drawings of 1 and 2 complexes were utilized to research green-space ratio, water system, wetland, biotope, and ground-water level change.

A Park green coverage and a total natural ground green coverage on the land use plan were 35.4%, and 41.9% respectively, over 50% down compared to the prior to the development. Accordingly, it was predicted that water cycle would be disconnected and bio-inhabitation base would be damaged. The water system planned on the study site is connected to an valley of Daemo Mountain. But it is artificially renewed and planned as a streamlet, and consequently having limits in working as the habitat of living things. Like the artificial streamlet, a large track of wetland in the northen part of the study site is an artificial pond and planned as a hydrophilic space.

Thus, the space is inadequate to function as the habitats for amphibians, fishes, and dragonflies. The biodiversity will decrease due to planting of artificial landscape trees and installation of facilities mainly along the green area of park and the artificial water system planned on the land use plan. And a underground parking lot and auxiliary facilities for 1 and 2 complexes are planned to be built in a 48,292㎡-large land.

Hence, shut-down of underground water vein and drop in underground water level will affect the inner parts of the study site and the surrounding Daemo Mountain, and accordingly resulting in decrease in volume of water in the valley and harmful impacts on the ecological potential of wetland. As a result of analyzing the temperature of the earth's surface in each case of the wetland restoration and the apartment contraction, the heat island effect between 2.84℃ and 4.47℃ was predicted, thus the urban heat island would be further accelerated.

Among the arable land which used to be the paddy field wetland within green belt zone, an area with a high ecological potential of wetland will witness drop in its potential value as wetland and ecosystem value of the neighboring basin thanks to the development for the residential housing. Therefore, it is required to adjust a boundary of site after reviewing the ecological potential of wetland from the stage of zone designation for a development project and additionally to build an institutional measure designed to promote environmentally friendly development for the residential area.

KEY WORDS: GREENBELT AREA, PADDY, BOGEUMJARI HOUSING, PADDY FIELD, CULTIVATE LAND, SEGOK DISTRICT 본 연구는 끊임없이 개발압력을 받고 있는 서울시 개발제한구역 내 과거 논습지였던 경작지를 대상으로 환경생태현황을 종합적으로 조사ㆍ분석하여 습지의 잠재성 및 가치를 평가하고자 하였으며, 보금자리주택 개발에 따른 습지생태 잠재성에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 유사지역의 난개발을 막고 개발제한구역의 지속가능한 발전을 도모코자 하였다. 연구대상지는 대모산으로 둘러싸여 대부분이 평탄지와 완경사지를 이루며, 충적층 원지반이 28.5%이었다. 유효토심은 깊고 배수상태가 불량하여 과습한 상태이었고, 하천 및 경작지를 중심으로 4,573m에 달하는 그물망의 수계가 발달되었다. 토지이용은 대부분 비닐하우스와 밭으로 이용되고 있지만, 과거 토지지목상 대부분 논이었고 현재의 지형, 토양, 수계 등이 과거 논의 흔적을 간직하고 있기 때문에 습지복원의 잠재성은 충분하다고 판단되었다. 대상지에서는 38종의 습지성 식물이 수계 주변지역에 출현하였다. 또한 산림 계곡 인접지에 물봉선이 넓게 분포하였고, 수계 주변으로 고마리가 넓은 면적을 점유하고 있어 습지로서의 잠재성을 확인할 수 있었다.

습지 생태계의 잠재성을 파악하기 위해 지표 동물로 나비류, 잠자리류, 야생조류, 양서류, 어류, 포유류를 계절별로 조사하였다. 나비류는 23종으로 개체수가 비교적 많았으며, 잠자리류의 종수는 14종으로 풍부하지 않았으나, 다양한 서식지를 반영할 수 있었다. 양서류 6종, 야생조류 26종, 어류 2종, 포