공동주택 발코니 개조에 대한 제도적 개선방안

공동주택 발코니 개조와 관련 제도 개선방안을 살펴봤다.

From theoretical perspective, this study aims to consider the balcony, the sole outdoor space in each housing unit of multi family house which is the most prevalent form of housing in Korea, and investigate and analyze its current use and change of pattern based on the research in relevant literatures, and propose reasonable and feasible solution to overcome the hindrances to the expansion of balcony from the institutional perspective.

For this study, this researcher figured out the shape of balcony in domestic apartments which has changed in Korea according to the law pertinent to the construction and housing, and furthermore, and analyzed through the research in the relevant literature the present improvements including the current use and the expansion so far, etc, from which the following problems were derived. Improvements, including the expansion have been banned by law so far. However, a lot of households have been making illegal improvements after they move in or at the exact point of time when they were moving in.

Consequently, economic loss and environmental damage resulted from the removal of new materials which were never used. To make it worse, the tolerance of structure were undermined by the use of heavy materials used without undergoing any review of the structure. The increased capacity of facility inflicted damage on the households living downstairs, and arguments over the equal sharing of the building administration cost have been arising from the matter with respect to the central heating system.

Furthermore, there was a problem in the fire fighting and fire prevention measure, such as the prevention of the fire from spreading to the adjacent households, as well as the loss of life in case of disaster such as fire, which is attributable to the absence of space for escape. The revised Enforcement Ordinance on the construction which was enacted in December of 2005 permits the expansion of the balcony, and as a result, the guideline on the alteration of structure was set forth which should be complied with.

However, the conflict with the existing buildings over the equal use area arose, and institutional problems, such as the civil petition filed by those who are moving into the apartment under construction, inequality with regard to the imposition of the acquisition tax and registration tax, unavoidable illegal alteration after moving in and so forth. Improvement of law and institution needs to be followed through to solve those problems. Therefore, this study proposed solution, described below, to the problems related to the planning of apartment balcony in Korea, which was mentioned before, from the institutional perspective.

First, the method to calculate the inner line of outer wall as the exclusive dwelling area only in case of multi family must be revised to focus on the central line of wall in the same way with the ordinary structures, to ensure the fundamental elimination of the intention to expand the exclusive space for the improvement based on the apartment floor area calculation standard. Second, the space necessary for the escape from the fire must be ruled out from the calculation of floor area, which is the current practice, in order to prevent the illegal expansion fundamentally, a measure that can be implemented by removing the balcony service area.

And the remaining space can be counted in as the exclusive area. Third, a measure is required to ensure that the households, which plan to make the expansion after moving in or while dwelling in, must obtain the permit from the governmental office of corresponding jurisdiction, because the current standard of balcony design does not make sure in reality that the regulations that require the insulation and fire prevention, etc, are complied with if households make individual expansion after moving in or while moving in, except that they contract with the supplier for the expansion when the apartment is sold.

Therefore, a measure must be taken to strengthen the system that requires the households, which try to make expansion after moving in or while moving in, to obtain the permit from governmental office of corresponding jurisdiction. Fourth, a measure to ensure the improvement, from the perspective of the housing supply, by revising the apartment sales system, is to implement the post-sales system where the consumer can select the wholly completed house to make sure the prevention of the improvement after moving in. So far, this study sought a way to bring solution to several problems related to the area of balcony from the institutional perspective.

It is considered that more specific and detailed studies must be conducted in the future as to the architectural effect of balcony on the building area, the building coverage for the building area, the floor area ratio, the right of light, the height of building, the effect on the outdoor space, and so on. 본 연구는 국내 대표적인 주거형태인 공동주택에 있어서 각 주호의 유일한 외부공간인 발코니에 대한 이론적 고찰과 사용실태 및 형태 변화 등에 대하여 문헌조사 등을 통하여 조사 분석하고 그동안 문제시 되어왔던 발코니 확장에 대한 문제점에 대하여 제도적 측면에서의 합리적인 개선방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상으로 국내아파트 중 발코니 부분에 대하여 건축법 및 주택법 등에 의한 제도적 변천과정에 따른 발코니 형태를 파악하였으며, 또한 발코니 이용실태와 그간의 확장 등 개조행위 실태 등을 문헌조사 등을 통하여 분석하여 다음과 같은 문제점을 도출하였다.

그 동안 확장 등 개조행위를 법으로 금지하고 있었으나 입주 시 또는 입주후 많은 세대들이 불법개조를 하였으며, 이로 인해 사용되지 않은 신자재 철거로 인하여 경제적 손실과 폐기물로 인한 환경문제가 있었고, 구조검토절차 없이 중량자재 사용으로 구조물 내력의 문제 및 설비용량 증가에 따른 하층세대 피해유발 중앙난방에서의 관리비 형평성 시비가 발생되었고, 대피공간이 없어짐으로 인해 화재 등 재난 발생시 인명피해 사례 및 인접 세대로의 화염확산 등의 방재적인 취약한점이 있었으며, 2005년 12월에 건축법 시행령 개정에 따른 발코니 확장허용 조치결과 구조변경지침을 제시하여 준수하도록 규제하고 있으나, 기존건축물과의 사용면적의 형평성문제가 나타나고, 건설 중인 아파트 입주예정자들의 민원발생, 취·등록세부과의 불공평성 및 입주 후 또다시 불법변경시행을 할 수밖에 없는 제도적 취약점이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해소하기 위해서는 법·제도적인 여건의 개선이 필요하다고 하겠다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 앞에서 언급한 우리나라 아파트 발코니 계획과 관련된 문제의 개선대안으로 제도적인 측면에서 아래와 같은 개선방안을 제안 하였다.

첫째, 아파트 바닥면적 산정기준변경을 통한 개선방안으로 전용공간을 확장하려는 의도를 근원적으로 없애기 위하여 공동주택에서만 외벽의 내부선을 주거전용면적으로 산정하는 방법을 일반건축물과 동일하게 벽 중심선으로 변경하도록 하고, 둘째, 발코니 서비스면적 폐지를 통한 개선방안으로 불법 확장을 근원적으로 차단하기위하여 화재 시 대피 할 수