도시형생활주택의 입지특성과 토지이용 유형화 연구 : 서울시 저층 주거지를 중심으로

서울 저층 주거지를 중심으로 도시형생활주택의 입지와 토지이용 유형을 분석했다.

Urban residential housing(URH) was introduced for the purpose of supplying small-sized houses to ease housing anxiety and burden of housing costs for single and two-person households. The easing of relevant regulations for supply promotion contributed to the supply suitable for the housing needs of small households. Since the introduction of new housing types affects urban management plans and physical and social residential environments of existing dwellings, it is important to evaluate the impact on urban management plans and residential environments if development is concentrated.

The purpose of this study was to find out how spatial clusters of URH were distributed and what factors of cluster composition were introduced to promote the supply of small-sized houses, and to derive policy implications of urban-style housing by assessing the impact of deregulation on changes in the residential environment and land use in the land area. The time span of the study was based on the analysis of licensed urban living houses in Seoul between 2009 and 2017, while the analysis scope of spatial cluster characteristics was given to the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Statistics Korea's 2016 aggregate district as the unit of analysis.

Analysis was carried out using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify land-use characteristics and to analyze the factors of impact. The analysis of the effects of the relevant factors and the statistical analysis of the change factors were conducted by factor analysis, binary logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression. First, the analysis showed that the supply of URH in Seoul was often implemented as a type of reconstruction of old detached houses due to restrictions on land available for use, and unlike the distribution of old detached houses, it was found that they were clustered outside the central area.

And the spatial cluster pattern and hotspot area were found to be formed around the general residential area below the 7th floor. The subway accessibility, convenience facility accessibility, employment access, average land price, land price fluctuation rate and the ratio of low-rise housing sites were found to be related to the supply of URH. And the factors of neighborhood housing environment, the youth population density, the ratio of single households and the percentage of old houses had significant effects.

The URH supply is an effective housing construction project for the reconstruction of aged detached houses in low-rise residential areas, and the rent burden of tenants is relatively high as it is developed around areas with high expected profits of suppliers. Second, URH is carried out through a pointy development method in the form of small-scale development of land-based units and is prescribed to be applied by mitigating relevant laws in the development process, which can cause the housing environment to deteriorate due to the lack of additional supply of roads, parks, and residential facilities.

Despite the increase in the development density of the floor space rate, generation number, and number of parking lots, the physical, social and residential environment of the street zones is feared to deteriorate due to the lack of additional supply of roads, parks and community facilities. An analysis of the survey results showed that the physical residential environment is deteriorating and there is a difference in satisfaction with the residential environment due to the deregulation related to urban living housing. The residential environment in the area is worsening and measures and support are needed for the aged areas.

Third, areas where URH development is concentrated showed the characteristics of cluster development by street area, but it was found to be dispersed within street zones. This is deeply related to deregulation on the development of dots that can reflect regulations on easing of related regulations, along with the selection of locations within and outside the street zones where operators only consider their business feasibility. The types of land use vary depending on the street areas where URH is concentrated, and can be a hindrance to the planned and systematic improvement of residential environment in low-rise dwellings.

Also, due to the high ratio of east-west development in the long-south axis, housing comfort, such as lighting by generation, can be aggravated due to the reduction of the traditional south-facing development, and the abolition of height restrictions on buildings can increase the inner development of street areas, which can worsen the performance of house mining, fire safety, and walking safety. Therefore, a plan for urban management by small street zones should be introduced as a measure for systematic improvement for the planned housing supply of low-rise dwellings and the management of the residential environment.

In order for low-rise dwellings developed in large cities such as Seoul to play an appropriate role as a smooth housing site in the future, both a wide-area management plan and a regionally differentiated detailed plan and economic support should be provided. Improvements to the system should be considered together to improve the residential environment along with the supply of URH. In addition, for this to be achieved, continuous monitoring and various studies in the relevant fields must be continued.

This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the spatial cluster pattern and influence factors of urban-style housing at the time of the introduction of URH, provides institutional implications, and analyzes the factors that influence the housing environment change in the dense development area, and analyzes the factors that affect the supply of small-sized housing, thereby suggesting the supply of URH policies. 도시형생활주택은 1·2인 가구의 주거불안 및 주거비 부담 완화를 위한 소형주택 공급목적으로 도입되었다. 공급촉진을 위한 관련 규정의 완화로 소형가구의 주택수요에 적합한 공급에는 기여하였으나 새로운 주택유형의 도입은 기존 주거지의 도시관리계획과 물리·사회적 주거환경에 영향을 준다. 더욱이 특정 주거지역에서 규제완화를 포함한