都市再生을 위한 都市 및 住居環境整備制度의 改善에 관한 硏究

도시·주거환경 정비제도의 문제점과 개선방안을 연구했다.

Urban regeneration in Korea is somewhat successful in that it has let every city make master plan and act its strategy, set in a good condition of urban infra-structure, and can strengthen acting its plan widely. However, it failed in that it causes regional community to break down, worsens the condition of residence, and makes lower and worse the radio of resettlement formed by original dwellers, as it doesn't consider social and economic conditions of the neighbors.

Also, the support of central government hasn't yet come, and the plan by the provinces administration doesn't totally contain participations of citizen, collaboration of private and public party, so there are many problems to solve for desirable urban regeneration model. In addition, although the Act of Urban and Housing Environment, and the special Act of the Promotion to Urban Renovation are gradually proceeding, the present policies of it basically have their limitation just focusing the acquisition of residence area.

On the other hand, by acting the Special Act of the Promotion to Urban Renovation, the ways of urban renovation change individual unit business into total living-division unit, and then public investment system can be established. Although the evaluation of private sector's investment can be made easily, however, provinces administration will enhance its fond for investment and participation of private sectors to make success to urban regeneration and nation's balanced development. Also, it is necessary that the conservation of regional community and the involvement of participants are made as a firm and open system.

When we research the system of developed countries for urban regeneration policy, we can know these as shown below. First, developed countries made the strategy policies for the urban regeneration and organization for acting these polices, and created the Act and the system for them. Also they made economic and social supporting systems specificly. Secondly, there is a system which can lead dwellers' participation for community preservation, and sustainable urban regeneration. By seeing it, we can get strong points from it.

Thirdly, we can know that to succeed not only revitalization of urban, but also renewal of suburb, and to develop regional community and economy, they had made the programs for promoting investment of private sectors Now, in Korea, MLTM(Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs) in the central government establishes the organization for urban regeneration, and officially operates Urban regeneration Party to do researches and improve policies.

So, this study will be focused on to search problems of systems of dwellers' participation, fond supply, and acting policies on side of the Adjustment of Urban and Housing Environment, and then compare the systems to the city regeneration policies of developed countries such as U.K, Japan etc. And the result from research are as followings : Firstly, the systems for acting urban regeneration, which are decentralized regionally, are regulated again, and the new system for controling urban regeneration nationally will be made. Also, the new one need to be correlated with the Act of Urban and Housing Environment and Urban Mater Plan in cases of founding each acting plan.

Secondly, by enhancing the system for dwellers' participation such as the variation of the way for participation, bidirectional communication etc, negative views of administration will be removed and sustainable urban regeneration will succeed. In addition, as an association for urban renewal is built by means of private and public partnership and is given the position of legal grade, each party will be given relationship properly. Thirdly, It is needed that the finance system for urban renewal will be organized by means of the fond of city renewal, and private capital collected by TIF. By now, we didn't consider this area importantly by the paradigm of development.

Recently, the movement, which realizes its value, utilizes it actively, and makes it better place, breaks out vigorously On the other hand, in the boundary of practicing Act, there is another movement which is to create the special Act for urban regeneration to fix old and harmful area quickly. It, however, may get limitation on side of sustainable urban regeneration in spite of solving some problems quickly, and relating to practicing Act such as the Act of Urban and Housing Environment, and the special Act of the promotion to urban renovation.

In Conclusion, some policies, which can deal with problems such as dwellers' participation, financial system, and executing urban regeneration as possible as quickly, and solve the basic difficulty of urban regeneration, should be required. 최근 도시및주거환경정비법 및 도시재정비촉진을위한특별법 등 제도적인 변화가 지속적으로 추진되었음에도 불구하고 현재의 도시재생정책은 물리적인 주거공간의 확충이라는 근본적인 한계를 지니고 있다. 특히 도시재정비촉진을위한특별법의 도입으로 기존의 도시정비방식은 개별단위사업에서 종합적인 생활권단위 사업으로 광역화되어 기반시설 확보에 대한 공공투자의 제도적 기반이 확립되었으나, 대도시의 복합화된 도시재생사업의 경우 민자유치사업의 타당성 확보가 가능하나 현실적으로 국토의 균형발전등을 위해 도시재생의 필요성이 시급한 지방도시의 경우 공공투자재원의 확보와 민자유치 및 지원제도의 강화가 필요하다. 또한 지역커뮤니티의 유지 보전과 함께 참여주체간 협력체계의 구축 등의 과제를 안고 있다.

이러한 측면에서 선진국이 추진하고 있는 도시재생정책은 도시경쟁력 제고를 위해 국가차원의 도시재생전략과 추진조직을 마련하고, 지역커뮤니티 유지차원에서의 협력지원체계의 확립과 지역주민의 적극적인 참여를 통하여 도시재생을 위한 지속적인 추진시스템 구축하였으며, 지역발전과 지역경제활성화를 도모하고자 다양한 민자유치 촉진을 위한 정책프로그램을 마련하고 있음을 알수있다. 본 연구에서는 도시재생사업의 근간이 되는 도시및주거환경정비 제도와 영국?일본 등 선진국의 도시재생정책을 살펴봄으로써 추진체계, 주민참여제도, 재정적 지원제도 측면에서 문제점을 도출하고 그 개선방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 국토공간정책차원의 도시재생체계 구축 측면에서는 첫째, 현재와 같이 지역별 도시별로 분산적으로 추진하는 시스템을 정비하여 전국적 도시재생사업 추진을 총괄조정하고 지원하는 추진시스템을 마련하여야 하며, 둘째, 현재 운영되고 있는시기본계획과 도시및주거환경정비법에 의한 기본계획수립시기를 조정 운영하고, 용도지역 변경 등이 필요한 경우 이러한 수요를 미리 도시관리계획에 반영하여 정비계획수립과 도시관리계획을 일체화하는 등 상호 유기적 연관성을 가질 수 있도록 조정하여야 한다. 셋째, 도시재생 관련사업을 종합적으로 조정하여 관리하기 위하여 현재 구성되어 운영중인 도시재생사업단의 장기적인 확대발전 개편이 필요하다.

도시재생사업의 주민참여제도의 확대측면에서는 첫째, 주민참여에 기반한 민관파트너쉽(public/private partnership) 구축 또는 주민자치형으로의 주민참여 방식의 전환을 통해 도시재생에 참여하는 각 주체가 상호 의사소통과 협의를 통해 다양한 역할을 수행할 수 있는 수평적이고 네트워크화된 조직체계를 마련하며. 둘째, 커뮤니티 주도적 도시재생여건을 위