주민참여형 공공주도 도시환경정비사업의 효율적 시행방안에 관한 연구 : 서울특별시를 중심으로

주민참여형 공공주도 도시환경정비사업의 효율적 시행방안을 연구했다.

The urban environment improvement project is the urban plan project to enhance public welfare by recovering urban functions and upgrading urban environment through making land use more effective and reforming old and defective buildings for old and dilapidated districts whose land use is irrational and basic infrastructures are inadequate. The Korean urban environment improvement project, since it started in 1976, has developed up to now with the changes of related laws and institutions.

However, there are still not a few problems and irrational elements in it, such as profit, business-oriented high-density development caused by the private-led performing structure, not enough efforts to listen to residents' opinion and not full participation of residents, not sufficient coordination and management of interest conflicts, and corruption derived from untransparent operations of it, etc. To overcomethese problems, it is necessary to shift the current private-led operating structure into a residents-participant, public-led one, and to create a more effective improvement enforcement method designed to enhance complex urban functions.

This study, based on the analyses of the characteristics and current situations of the environment improvement project and the survey to those concerned, tries to diagnose its problems and suggest an effective enforcement method of the residents-participant and public-led urban environment improvement project. To achieve the research purposes, this study, first, examines both the concept and characteristics of the urban environment improvement project and related institutions and other environment of it in order to understand it fully. Also, it reviews previous researches on the subject and foreign cases of downtown redevelopment. All of these are to get some hints about ways of revising it.

Since, in promoting the urban environment improvement project through the management disposal method, local residents are core principals in the sense that they invest their real estates including land, it is basic assumptions of this study that a development project should induce active participation of residents in its stage by stage process, and reflect their demands on it to the utmost. It seems proper as local development mind-set in the local self-government era. Therefore, this study focuses on activating residents participation in the project.

In an effort to seek a more feasible solution, this study tries to combine theory and practice by suggesting ideas of solving various problems in institutional, administrative, and managing aspects of the project linking with a real case, the 'Garibong urban environment improvement project,' of Gurogu, Seoul, the biggest Korean complex development project and urban revival business.

Problems in promoting the urban environment improvement project which were found through analyses of the current practices and survey are as follows.problems in administrative aspects derived from insufficient role of the public; problems caused by the private-centered project enforcement structure; institutional problems which are not fully considerate of the social weak including renters.

Insufficient central role of the public in administrative aspects were found in various areas - its less role in initial stages of improvement projects, failing to secure basic infrastructure, and recover urban functions; insufficient public coordination among conflicting project principals; lack of stage-by-stage promoting plans; nominal and insufficient financial supports to the project. Those problems were found to be the reason why those projects have not been activated.

Problems involving the current private-centered project structure were found to be as follows: local developments not considering demands of the majority of residents; insufficient contribution of projects to the public good, which is derived from the current practices of small block, business-building-centered developments; limits of development methods and high-density development for uniform uses; corruptions among business associations and those concerned in local governments; lack of a comprehensive plan to enhance local profitability and marketability through a development project; insufficient communication and publicity among concerned interests of the project.

Institutional problems related with not being fully considerate of the social weak including renters were found to be those regarding moving and monetary compensation for house or business space renters and those regarding resettlement of original settlers. This study suggests some ideas to solve the above problems and promote projects more effectively.

First, to revise current administrative aspects into more public-centered ones, it suggests the followings: to establish the development directions and intervene systematically from the intial stage of a specific project; to choose first cooperative companies for the public interests; to improve and enlarge wider area basic infrastructure through public financial support; to promote projects by integrating districts and supporting projects of districts which have lacked them for a long time; to lift development district designation for the districts which have not performed those projects for a long time; to adopt restoration-type (small-scale, custom-made type) improvement techniques.

Second, to complementary revise institutions including related laws, it suggests the followings: to sign local development MOUs following demands of the majority of residents; to adopt the PF operating type for medium and large city environment improvement projects which have characteristics of complex development; to prepare for the possible financial crisis and other risks of companies involved in the project; to establish project enforcing strategy and profitable preliminary development plans. In addition to that, as means of revising the situation concerning the public-led managing di