都市開發에 따른 集團民願의 事例와 解消方案 : 龍仁市 都市計劃施設事業 및 都市開發事業을 中心으로

용인시 도시계획시설·개발사업에서 발생한 집단민원의 사례와 해소 방안을 연구했다.

This study is about massive popular complaints occurred by residents as the city develops. Recently these claims has grown bigger because of change in resident's values, increase in desire level, elevated expectation in quantitative and qualitative wealth. Also after carrying out the local self-government system, regional self-centeredness problems have rose between residents. Expecially when planning the city plan, a lot of people concerned to this crisis are related. These relations will surely produce further diverse problems since the plan has to be processed for a long period.

For these reasons, this study analyzes examples of massive popular complaints that have happened in the past to find out which factors in the city plan generates these conflicts and what effects it accompanies. Through our study we hope to find reasonable solutions that could be used in city planning and administration. The two main study methods were literature examination and example research. We analyzed examples in and out of our country. Especially we focused about Yong Yin city's city development plans and its' complains. This is a region which has been rapidly developed after the 'Participation Government' rose.

We classified these complains precisely by field, related plan, industry level, and demand type. After that we tried to come up with solutions in different directions, the social improvement method, system or policy improvement method, city plan improvement method. After analyzing the massive popular complaints that happened in Yong In City, we found out that the popular complaints related to city plan were the most. However the ratio of the solved complains were the least in the city plan field. Therefore even though there were a lot of complaints about the city plan, a part of it was solved which leaded to long time conflict situations.

When we examined it more closely we found out that complaints came out mostly because of damage compensation problems. These problems might be caused because there aren't much systems for the residents to give opinions in the plans, but it exists because there aren't any demand type or leading type of participation for the region's development. By analysing the complaints we could find reasons for the conflicts. Based on these facts we could come up with some reasonable solution in social, systemic, politic, city plan directions.

First to cease the regional self-centeredness which is bringing all the complaints and to induce citizens' participation, we should persuade people to complain about projects that could attract everyone's interest and not just people who had some damages. Second, systematic, policy changes must be held in the administration system handling the complaints of citizens. The complaint administration should be opened to the public and more advertisement should be done to inform regional citizens about which projects the government is up to. When informed, citizens can give opinions in these projects and let their ideas reflected in the work.

For this to happen we should learn from examples of foreign countries and apply it into our taste. By our research we could imagine that our country could solve environment problems by big deals among local governments, and initiate complaints court or jury judge system about these complaints. This would actively solve conflicts. Recently Yong Yin city has made their administration open to the public on their web site. Third, a complaint solution method should be studied in a city plan direction. The local government should cooperate in planning buildings that could effect a regional, or a national range.

Also they should cooperate and have a reasonable solution in the land compensation problems that is occurred by development projects. In compensating a emotional value which cannot be clearly seen, substitution compensation system and trade reward system should be initiated. Moreover for the immigrants that could easily be isolated, special care should be given to them and try not to effect their regional basis. As we can see above, we found out some solutions for these problems. Massive popular complaints accompanies many related people and can be turned into riots. So governments were always busy putting out the fire in front of them and not the real cause.

Therefore a flexible solution considering the features of the local resident should be planned. Lastly since the department handling massive popular complaints is not an appreciative position and there are a lot of facts about citizens properties, it is hard to investigate in certain cases and get information. Also since cases were divided by various departments, it was difficult to get facts about the process of some administration. Feeling these limit upon us we hope a more effective solution will one day come out and solve these conflicts in a better way.

본 연구에서는 도시개발에 따른 집단민원이 주민들의 가치관의 변화, 욕구수준의 향상, 복지에 대한 양적, 질적인 기대와 삶의 질에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 사회적으로 표출이 가중화 되었고, 또한 지방자치제도 시행 후 지역 이기주의에 의한 님비 현상으로 인하여 주민들간에 갈등이 첨예하게 발생하고 있다. 특히 도시계획의 경우 시행자체가 지역주민과 행정기관 등 여러 이해관계자가 관련되어 있고 장기 실행의 성격을 가지므로 앞으로 더욱 다양하고 복합적인 민원이 많이 발생할 것으로 여겨지며 이에 따른 민원행정의 변화가 요구된다. 이에 본 연구는 집단민원의 사례를 분석하여 이러한 집단민원들이 도시행정의 계획 결정에서 어떤 내용으로 발생되고 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는 지를 살펴보고 장기적으로 사회 문제시 되는 집단민원을 해소하기 위한 기초 연구로서 합리적인 해소방안을 도시계획·행정차원에서 모색하고자 하는데 그 목적을 둔다.

연구 방법은 크게 문헌조사, 사례조사 방법으로 수행하며 사례조사에서는 국내·외 우수 사례를 분석하였으며 특히 참여정부 이후 급격한 도시성장을 하고 있는 용인시에 대하여 도시개발사업과 도시계획사업별 민원으로 크게 분류하여 분석하였고 이를 바탕으로 더욱 문제시 되고 있는 집단민원을 분야별, 관련계획별, 사업단계별, 요구사항 유형별로 분류하여 구체적으로 분석하였으며 발생원인을 근거로 사회적 개선방안, 제도적·정책적 개선방안, 도시계획적 개선방안에 따라 여러 측면에서 해소방안을 제시하였다. 용인시 집단민원 실태를 분석한 결과 실태를 분석한 결과 도시계획 관련 집단민원이 차지하는 비중이 높다는 사실과 그 중에 도시계획시설 관련 민원이 가장 많이 차지한다는 것을 밝혔다. 반면 민원처리 현황을 조사하여 도시계획 민원 해소율이 가장 저조하다는 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 도시계획 관련 집단민원의 경우 발생 빈도는 높으나 해소율은 낮아 여러 민원 중에 상대적으로 첨예한 갈등양상을 띠고 장기화된다는 것을 알았다. 도시계획과정에 따른 집단민원의 현황을 살펴보면 마지막 평가단계에서 피해보상과 관련된 민원이 가장 많았다. 계획수립시에 주민의 의견을 수렵할 제도가 활발히 시행되지 못하는 이유도 있겠지만 근본적으로는 새로운 개발을 요구하거나 지역의 개발촉진을 위해 새로운 사업을 주