연구 요약
연구 요지 (AI)
생태도시 관점에서 개발제한구역의 관리 정책과 규제 개선 방안을 연구했다.
초록
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and improve the policy and regulations, to find a more effective and adequate alternative on managing the Restricted Development Zone, so generally called Green Belts in our country, in view of ecological urban theory. The Restricted Development Zone is a kind of the green tract of suburban area which is designated according to the urban planning procedure based on the provisions of the current Urban Planning Act.
As is generally known, in the green tracts of suburban area, such as the Green Belts in United Kingdom, the Urban Fringe Zone, the Urban Fringe Consolidation Zone or the Urbanization Control District in Japan etc., development of land or diversion of land use are regulated strictly. In Korea, the Green Belts was first introduced in the early 1970s, in order to decelerate the metropolitan growth, when major urban areas such as Seoul had started to expand rapidly. Thus the Restricted Development Zone system was institutionalized in the Urban Planning(Amendment) Act, 1971. Since then, the policy has been so far the most effective and consistent urban policy.
However, it was by no means a system unique of Korea. It was a foreign system suddenly introduced to us. In the 1960's, Korea's economical development policy was centered around the exports of labor intensive products and the country was experiencing a migration of the population from the rural areas to the cities at an unprecedented pace. In the United Kingdom, the Green Belts system has long tradition as a planning and controlling device which was started with E. Howard's garden city movement, R. Unwin's green girdle and so forth. P. Abercrombie's Greater London Plan has recognized the necessity of Green Belts and planned its implementation.
Thus the Restriction of Ribbon Development Act of 1935, the Green Belts(London and Home Countries) Act of 1938 and the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 was enacted. The contents of Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 was nationalizing development rights, institutionalizing authorization for developments and obligating establishment of a 20 year long term development plan. Through such institutional reforms and continuous promotion of the Green Belts system, Green Belts was designated and spread through out the country.
The fundamental and original purposes of the Green Belts system are to prevent low-density urban sprawl and neighbouring towns from merging into one another(so called ribbon development), to preserve the setting and special character of historic towns by keeping land permanently open and undeveloped. And these are endured unchanged for nearly 30 years. But in these years, Green Belts have accumulated new purposes. one of those is urban regeneration in 1984 and the other, creating more sustainable patterns of development in 1995.
It is said that the most important reasons for the success of Green Belts system in United Kingdom are the advantage of quality of environment and the resident's privilege position of together with opportunities of living close to metropolis. In Japan, there was an attempt in the 1960's to receive United Kingdom's Green Belts system. However the system of Urban Fringe Zone, the Urban Fringe Consolidation Zone in Japan were very different fundamentally from those of United Kingdom in the urban planning and land use control mechanism, as well as the objection of the Japanese local bodies.
After all, they failed to receive and to institutionalize the green tract of suburban area maintenance system in Japan. After going through quite a lot of difficulties, they reached an agreement. Thus they institutionalized the Urbanization Promotion District and the Urbanization Control District system and divided the urban planning area. The Urbanization Control District was designated for reserve purposes, preserving farm areas and natural environments around the urbanized area and reserving room for gradual and planned expansion and development of the city.
Whereas Green Belts in United Kingdom is designated and remained permanently, the Urbanization Control District system in Japan is designated for suspending development for a 10 year period. But the Urbanization Control District system in Japan is proved ineffective one. However, because of the strong measurement to any development and inflexibility of its regulations on the Restricted Development Zone, there were severe criticisms from landowners and urban economists against the RDZ system.
The landowners as an interest group have been strongly protesting to the government, to the parliament and to the civil or constitutional courts against the RDZ system, and asked to abolish the regulations, On the contrary, the public in general, especially ecologists want to keep the RDZ system as firmly as possible, since there are neither much greenery nor open spaces in and out of the urbanized area. In the recent years, the terms of ecopolis, ecocity, ecological city , green city, sustainable city, ecologically sustainable city and so on are in popular use and the ecological urban theory or sustainable urban development theory are influential by degrees.
Connected with these situation, the paradigm of urban planning should be changed to ecological one. Therefore the Korean government has to respond and provide any kind of solution to the their requests. Thus nowadays several alternatives are suggested, such as the RDZ System Improvement Committee's Plan, the Environment Protectors Alliance's Plan, RDZ Inhabitants' League's Plan and Government plan. To cope with these circumstances and in order to achieve the above purpose, I have carried out sample survey by an questionnaire as to RDZ. The universe of sample is experts on urban planning theory or practice. Also, I have compared and analyzed 4 alternatives.
After these, I suggest followings which are essential to managing the RDZ in view of ecological urban theory. Above all, in order to managing the RDZ in view of ecolo
발행 정보
2000. 광운대학교 국내박사 학위논문