韓國의 土地投機抑制方案에 관한 硏究

한국의 토지투기 실태와 원인을 분석하고 억제방안을 제시했다.

This study ains to analyse the causes and realities of speculative investment in real estate and to propose the desirable plan to discourage speculation in land on the basis of the results of this analysis. This study is composed of three detailed analysis of the following heads. 1) the realities .of speculation in land in Korea, 2) the causes of speculation in land, 3) the advisable policy to solve speculative investaent in real estate with reason. This study adopted the following research range and method to achieve the above mentioned goal of research. First, I used seventeen year-long data from 1975 till 1992 as a time range of this research.

I also made the whole land the subject region of this study and in local speculative phenomena I made relevant region a case region in point. Second, I analysed the causes of Bpeculation in land to be four major variables, that is, social, economic, institutional and psychological causes on the basis of the corelative analysis method. Third, I dealt comprehensively with documents on the causes of speculation in land, realities of landholding, changing shift of a land value and the present condition of the demand and supply of land for the purpose of realizing this research method. I came to the following conclusion on the causes and realities of speculation in land.

First, a natural increase of population, the conspicuous trend toward nuclear families and population or industry concentration in the metropolitan area lead to the increase of the demand of land that inevitably causes skyrocketing of land value. Second. fundamental limitation of land resources, monopoly and oligopoly of land by minorities and imbalance of demand and supply of land continually brought about a sharp rise of land value and circulating capital worsened the problem of speculative investment in land across the country.

Third, defectiveness in the legal system of land-ownership deepened maldistribution of ownership, excessive restriction of transactions hampered the supply of land and there have been deficiencies in the exclusion or redemption of profit from development of land. Further, low tax rates and preferential treatment of taxation for large enterprises caused speculative investment in land. In sum, I came to the following conclusion on the desirable plan to control speculation in land effectively. First, the legal system of land-ownership should be put to rights. respecting social nature and public interests of land-ownership.

The right of preemption and saving function of land should also be uplifted to activate the regulating function of demand and supply. Second, social interests of the profit from development should be emphasized to deter the psychology of speculative landholding. Third, low tax rates should be corrected to consolidate the function of regulation law on taxation and preferential treatment of taxation for large enterprises should be rectified to prevent speculative demand of land.

Fourth, the present excessive restriction of transactions and exploitation of land should be remedied and the growth of new urban communities should be continually encouraged to settle the problem of imbalance of demand and supply of land. In addition, reform of consciousness is required to discourage the psychology of speculative landholding.