신도시건설과 도시경관계획 적용에 관한 사례분석 연구

수도권 신도시 사례로 개발 이후 경관 문제와 개선 방향을 분석했다.

The purpose of this study was to identify post-development issues on the rise in terms of townscape and find out fundamental causes of those issues, so that it could propose appropriate solutions for the issues and suggest possible alternative ways required in developing new towns in the future. In order to meet the above goals, this study covered some of Phase 1 new towns constructed across metropolitan areas in 1990's (e.g. Bundang New Town, Ilsan New Town and Pyeongchon New Town) and some of Phase 2 new towns constructed there in 2000's (e.g.

Pangyo New Town, Dongtan New Town and Gimpo Hangang New Town) to prepare an analytic framework for major axes, points, spheres and planning guidelines of each townscape from the viewpoint of townscape planning; investigate and analyze categorical achievements for townscape planning; and deduce practical issues of planning and suggest possible solutions for them, so that it could propose possible ways to make any favorable townscape for large-scale development project sites planned in Siheung city, Gyeonggni province. As a part of preliminary steps for research, this study made a theoretical examination to analyze relevant theories, researches and foreign cases concerning townscape planning.

Starting from fundamental definitions of landscape, this study sought to take an outlook about potential developmental orientations of landscape theories in the future by syntactically understanding existing theories on townscape planning, and also sought to examine landscape-related statutes and different components of townscape planning. In combination with understanding of practical knowledge required for future landscape planning (e.g.

procedure and principal to establish townscape planning), this study analyzed model townscape planning cases in Kobe, Tokyo and Yokohama, Japan, as well as other cases of landscape zoning and history, and natural landscape conservation methods in Austin and Denver, the United States, so that it could improve our comprehension about townscape planning.

Methodologically, this study sought to extract various landscape components including orientations, principles, techniques and planning considerations of townscape planning for several categories such as forest, waterside, street, rural / mountain / coastal village, history, culture and urban district, with a view to analyze new town townscape planning, so that it could employ those components as a framework of analysis.

In addition to a structural framework of general townscape including major axes, points and spheres of townscape, this study employed practical guidelines on townscape planning and thereby extracted urban planning matters concerning size, layout, forms, materials and colors for respective townscape components (e.g. architectural sight, open-space planning, outdoor advertisement, public facilities, colors and night lighting), so that it could make another framework of analysis.

Based on the above frameworks of analysis, the results of this study can be summed up as follows: In terms of axial planning for general urban townscape, this study compared and analyzed green townscape axes, waterside townscape axes, street townscape axes and skyline formation between Phase 1 and 2 new towns.

As a result, it was found that both Phase 1 and 2 new towns were originally designed to interconnect park, green zones and walkways (community roads) with one another in town complex, so that they could create a network of urban greens, but Phase 2 new towns were better planned than Phase 1 new towns in terms of quality and connectivity of new towns to green landscape outside town complex. And it was found that Phase 2 new towns were characterized by interconnections of green buffer zones / townscape greens, children's park, neighborhood park and adjacent greens, so that their urban green axes could be formed in systematic manner.

Particularly, those towns stressed visual and quantitative abundance of green axes, so that their townscape was more positively planned in consideration of urban ecology and landscape, which could be hardly deduced in 2-dimensional urban planning. For assessment on creation of major townscape points across Phase 1 and 2 new towns, this study compared and analyzed their historical and cultural landscape points (e.g. landmarks and cultural assets) and characteristic architectural buildings.

As a result, it was found that Both Phase 1 and 2 new towns considered street axes (including major governmental buildings or boulevards in new town) as major urban landmarks of developmental towns, or employed large lake or equivalent water zones as a part of urban landmarks. Particularly, it was found that Phase 2 new towns focused on enhancing their locality with urban landmarks installed at major nodes and entry points; adding local landmark features to public facilities with architectural designs, square development and night lighting; and positively employing public relations on their natural landmarks like river and migratory bird habitat.

However, it was found that major historical and cultural landscape points of Phase 2 new towns were limited to cultural assets in town complex or neighboring areas. Based on cognate townscape resources, land use, geographical features and life sphere (Lebensraum) distribution, this study analyzed actual creation of townscape spheres in Phase 1 and 2 new towns targeted herein.

As a result, it was found that most of cognate land uses in Phase 1 and 2 new towns focused on high-rise residential complex comprising apartment houses which accounted for a largest part of cognate land use and townscape spheres in those new towns, but they still remained unfledged in creation of unique or homogenized life sphere. However, it was found that Phase 2 new towns attempted to create detailed townscape spheres owing to a variety of self-sufficient urban functions available in them. According to analysis on components of townscape planning guideli