都市環境開發에 있어서 새마을 運動을 통한 住民參與에 관한 硏究

도시환경 개발에서 새마을운동을 통한 주민참여를 연구했다.

In the past, no mechanism was available for citizens to par-ticipate in urban planning either in advance or afterwards, Much of the responsibility for effectuating plans fell on the shoulders of the chief executive, The chief executive was the central coordinator of a11 activities of the government, and the plan provided a framework to assist him in coordinating those activities invoIving physical development, especially capital improvements, The citizenry had few opportunity of being involved through the machinery of public hearings.

Since the early 1970, however, the nation has seen a kind of citizen participation in the course of community development through the Sae-maul movement bringing about a new era through self-help and cooperation at the neighborhood level, I n the light of this, the author has performed an analysis of citizen participation and the Sae-maul movement to the effect of community development in relation to environmental as well as social change in urban communities in Korea. We can find an example of citizens participation in the advocacy planning theory of the 1960s in America, which was advocated by Paul Davidoff. But what makes participation of citizens(and planners) meaningful and desirable?

How is the need for innovative participation of the residents justified and support for it secured? We can answer these questions by analyzing the Sae-maul movement in its true light in relation to citizen participation As the term "sea" is equivalent to the English word "new" or "renewed", whereas "maul" means " neighborhood" or "community", the whole term "Sae-maul" means new community, renewed community, and community renewal. But when considering as a new community we should be fully careful of maintaining its uniqueness in the world society, as the term had its origin in the U.S. in the early 1900s.

"The Contemporary New Communities Movement in the United State" by Gedeon Golany(1974) sheds light on this term. As we can define "Undong" related to "Sae-maul"as ① a driving, pushing force, ② campaign and education, and ③ works or programs of practical philosophy, the whole term "Sae-maul Undong" should be interpreted as Sae-maul movement instead of new community movement in order for it to be accepted as a unique program in the world society. At the same time, we can not but agree to the coincidence between "Undong" (as related to Sae-maul) and "movement" (according to Golany's definition) as far as the Sae-maul movement(Undong) is concerned.

How than can the Sae-maul movement be carried out in urban areas? Further, What is the meaning of the movement as applied to social and physical planning at the community or neighborhood level? We can answer th these question by analyzing the personalities of urbanities and their grass-roots participation. Within rapidly changing urban communitles, "anomie" or the feeling of moral chaos becomes prevalent, But major urban social problems can be solved through changes in the citizens value systems and environmental betterment through grass-roots participation.

It is furthermore argued that the development of efficient, as we11 as democratic, city government depends upon grass-roots participation.

As the term "citizen participation" is often defined as citizen consideration of and consent to professionally developed programs, or civic activity which is decidedly non-political, and as the Sae-maul movement is understood as a renovation movement in the ways of life and living conditions and thought of the citizens, the question of value changes, order and morality enhancement in everyday living, betterment of the environment and anti-poverty activities as applied to the Sae-maul movement should be approached through means of democratic participation as far as the social and physical effects of the movement are concerned.

As we can define "Undong" related to "Sae-maul" as ① a driving, pushing force, ② campaign and education, and ③ works or programs of practical philosophy, the whole term "Sae-maul Undong" should be interpreted as Sae-maul movement instead of new community movement in order for it to be accepted as a unique program in the world society. At the same time, we can not but agree to the coincidence between "Undong" (as related to Sae-maul) and "movement"(according to Golany's definition) as far as the Sae-maul movement(Undong) is concerned. How then can the Sae-maul movement be carried out in urban areas?

Further, what is the meaning of the movement as applied to social and physical planning at the community or neighborhood level? We can answer to these questions by analyzing the personalities of urbanites and their grass-soots participation. Within rapidly changing urban communities, "anomie" or the feeling of moral chaos becomes prevalent. But major urban social problems can be solved through change in the citizens value systems and environmental betterment through grass-roots participation. It is furthermore argued that the development of efficient, as well as democratic, city government depends upon grass-roots participation.

As the term "citizen participation" is often defined as citizen consideration of and consent to professionally developed programs, or civic activity which is decidedly nonpolitical, and as the Sae-maul movement is understood as a renovation movement in the ways of life and living conditions and thought of the citizens, the question of value changes, order and morality enhancement in everyday living, betterment of the environment and anti-poverty activities as applied to the Sae-maul movement should be approaches as applied to the Sae-maul movement should be approached through means of democratic participation as far as the social and physical effects of the movement are concerned.

In our case, however, we should be well aware of "community integration" and " total community" wherein the primary goal of community organization is to further the democratic process and strengthen the community members capa