자전거 이용 활성화 계획 특성과 도시계획적 의미에 관한 연구 : 동탄(2)신도시 사례를 중심으로

동탄2신도시 사례로 자전거 활성화 계획의 특성과 도시계획적 의미를 분석했다.

A Study on the Characteristics of the Activation of Bicycle Use Policy and Their Implications to Urban Planning : focusing on Dongtan(2) Newtown JAEYUN KIM Urban and Regional Planning Department of Environmental Planning Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University Discussions on “climate change” in Korean urban planning began in earnest after the mid-2000s. With the “Sustainable Newtown Planning Standards” announced in 2005 and the “Basic Law for Low Carbon, Green Growth” in 2008, the urban planning paradigm shifted from “growth” to “management”.

Amid changes in the urban planning paradigm, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security announced the “Comprehensive Measures for Activation of Bicycle Use” in 2008. Korea Land and Housing Corporation (LH) as an operator of Newtown construction applied a master plan based on the “Dongtan(2) Newtown Low-Carbon City Introduction Study” to Dongtan(2) Newtown. The Dongtan(2) Newtown was planned in response to the demand for a change in the urban planning paradigm such as sustainability, low carbon, and activation of bicycle use. Since 2009, the plan to activate the use of bicycles in Dongtan(2) Newtown has been in full swing.

As a measure of reducing carbon generation, activation of bicycle use was applied to the transportation field. As a result, bicycle paths boasting connectivity and design unity were installed throughout the Dongtan(2) Newtown. Bicycle parking lots are available throughout the city and major facilities. However, as of 2018, the share of bicycle vehicles in Dongtan(2) Newtown is merely 1.8%. Compared to the initial planning standard (1.2%), the Hwaseong overall average (1.4%), and the Korean average (1.6%), it cannot be evaluated as a remarkable performance. It is not at all close to the initial target of 20%.

This study raised a question about the case in terms of the efficiency and the effectiveness of reducing carbon generation through increasing the share of bicycle vehicles It is difficult to explain the unremarkable performance of the case of Dongtan(2) Newtown with the best bicycle use environment. From this point of view, it was thought that a fundamental discussion on the nature of the bicycle use activation plan was necessary. It is widely accepted that bicycles are sustainable means of transportation, and, therebv, a comprehensive approach to promote bicycle use as part of low-carbon urban planning is increasingly supported.

In this study, a theoretical framework was established through theoretical and practical insights on the planning system for activating bicycle use. First, a low-carbon urban plan was analyzed at the starting point of the bicycle use activation plan. The effectiveness of the bicycle use activation plan and the role of urban planning as a principle of reducing carbon generation in low-carbon planning were confirmed. The inherent characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan were due to the characteristics of bicycles as a means of transportation and the necessity of selecting the means from the perspective of users.

The specific direction of the bicycle use activation plan was confirmed through advanced bicycle cases. Based on the theoretical questions about the plan to revitalize the use of bicycles, advanced cases of bicycles were analyzed. As a result, the bicycle use activation plan shows the sharing of a bicycle means as the target standard, cooperative governance as a feature of the planning system, securing bicycle competitiveness in the spatial structure, inducing the competitiveness of bicycle means in the planning technique, and improving urban competitiveness as a meaning. And it was found.

As a result of analyzing the case of bicycle use in Dongtan(2) Newtown through the theoretical analysis frame, the characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan were closely related to the effectiveness and efficiency of the plan. In addition, the planning elements were closely linked within the bicycle use activation plan system. This study is a case study that raised questions about the effectiveness and efficiency of activating bicycle use in Dongtan(2) Newtown, a pilot case of low-carbon urban planning. The discussion of climate change in urban planning means a change in the way of life that goes beyond a simple change of direction of planning.

As a low-carbon urban plan, the activation of bicycle use makes the urban spatial structure compact and entails changes in daily life such as land use and living radius as well as traffic. This study analyzed the possibility of regaining the implication to urban planning in Korea's bicycle use activation plan by specifying the theoretical discussion on the characteristics of the bicycle use activation plan and presenting the direction through advanced case analysis.

Keywords: Activation of bicycle use, Low Carbon Planning, implication to urban planning, Characteristics of the planning, Planning system, Collaborative Governance Student Number: 2018-26196 우리나라 도시계획에서 ‘기후변화’에 대한 논의는 2000년 중반 이후 본격화 되었다. 2005년 ‘지속가능한 신도시 계획기준’, 2008년 ‘저탄소 녹색성장기본법’이 발표되며, 도시계획 패러다임은 ‘성장’에서 ‘관리’로 전환되었다. 도시계획 패러다임의 변화 속에서 2008년 행정안전부는 ‘자전거 이용 활성화 종합대책’을 발표하였다. LH는 신도시 건설의 주시행자로서 화성동탄(2)신도시에 ‘동탄(2)신도시 저탄소 도시 도입 연구’를 기초로한 마스터플랜을 적용하였다. 화성동탄(2)신도시는 지속가능성, 저탄소, 자전거 이용 활성화 등 도시계획 패러다임 변화의 요구 속에서 계획된 것이다. 2009년부터 동탄(2)신도시의 자전거 이용 활성화 계획은 본격화 되었다. 저탄소 도시계획의 탄소 발생량 저감 중 수송분야에 자전거 이용 활성화가 적용되었다. 그 결과 동탄(2)신도시 전역에는 연결성과 디자인의 통일성을 자랑하는 자전거도로가 설치되었다.

도시 곳곳과 주요 시설물은 자전거 주차장을 완비하고 있으며, 동탄(2)신도시는 훌륭한 자전거 이용 환경을 갖추게 되었다. 하지만 2018년 기준 동탄(2)신도시 자전거 수단 분담율은 1.8% 수준이다. 최초 계획기준(1.2%), 화성시 전체 평균(1.4%), 우리나라 평균(1.6%) 수준과 비교할 때 눈에 띄는 성과라고 평가할 수 없으며, 최초 목표한 20%에는 전혀 미치지 못한 성과를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 동탄(2)신도시 자전거 이용 활성화 계획에 투입된 자원의 효율성 측면과 수단 분담을 통한 탄소 발생량 저감 실효성 측면에서 사례에 대한 의문을 제기하였다. 선행연구 분석 결과 자전거 이용 활성화 계획기법에 대한 연구를 다수 찾아볼 수 있었지만, 이용자 관점에서 최상의 자전거 이용 환경을 갖춘 동탄(2)신도시의 사례는 설명되기 어려웠다. 이러한 관점에서, 자전거 이용 활성화 계획은 본질에 대한 근본적 논의가 필요하다고 생각하였다. 자전거는 교통체계의 일부로서 합리적, 자전거 이용 활성화는 저탄소 도