신도시 단지내 커뮤니티시설의 복합화 방안 연구 : 별내 신도시를 중심으로

신도시 주거단지 내 커뮤니티시설의 복합화 방안과 효과를 연구했다.

This research suggests the effects and improvements regarding the combination of the facilities in newly developed residential complexes. Due to the different systems and characteristics among organizations, each domestic community facility has generally been constructed and managed independently. Recently, as the development of the new town has been settled, the need of designing a new local community system has been strongly suggested.

Current construction and administration systems, which distribute and locate the facilities depending on their functions and the socioeconomic classes of the residents, can be combined or linked together through the negotiation among the organizations that are involved. This will increase the opportunities for the residents to interact with each other which will stimulate the local communities to be more vital.

However, the current supply of the community facilities are tightly related to the local and federal organizations such as the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs or the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Each of these organizations have different policies on the supply and management of those facilities, and this has played a major role on maintaining the supplier-centered system, which focuses more on securing the ownership of the properties or the efficiency of the management rather than the convenience for the residents.

Even though there are some cases of the system improvements in some local governments, majority of the community facilities are still planned under the influence of the conventional supplier-centered system. The arrangement of school facilities, government offices, training institutes for adolescents, libraries and community parks along the rivers in the new town in Namyangju, which is evaluated in this research, is thought to be a good example that can be applied to the future development of the new town.

By linking and combining of the community facilities, it is expected to maximize the utilization and the productivity of land, to reduce the cost of management, to create the high-quality properties with reasonable employment of budgets and to meet the demand of the local residents. In order to achieve the improvement of the system, it is absolutely imperative for the federal government to be involved in making the changes. Without its participation, it is almost impossible to carry out this project despite of the expected budget reduction.

This is due to the fact that there is no official classification of roles of each department and is also due to the disagreement between the local governments or the Office of Education and the business conductors on the policies regarding construction and management as well as budgets. Local community facilities such as libraries, parks, and community centers commonly have been built and donated by the business conductors with the requests of the local governments when obtaining the local government’s approval.

In some local governments with relatively low budgets, on the other hand, they are looking for free provisions of land and additional donations such as welfare facilities and training facilities for adolescents. Free provision of land is achievable with some modification of park regulations which can make the local governments to hold the title of the properties, but it is rather hard to make some agreement on the donations of facilities. The BTL method, which has been recently applied when building schools, can come in handy when it comes to combining the community facilities. The introduction of private capital can relieve the stress of public finance problems.

Also, the participation of the experts can promote many ideas on combining facilities and can improve the quality of the plans. Because of the regulations that have set regarding local parks and green areas, it is not allowed to build welfare facilities in parks or the facilities that are large enough. In order to improve the productivity and effectiveness of public areas including local parks, it is necessary to alleviate the restrictions on areas of land, the building coverage ratio and the numbers of floors of buildings by revising related policies. Along with the revision of regulations, it is also core to improve the measures to carry out such plans.

It has been known that the role of public organizations is very important in terms of combining community centers, schools, sports complexes, parks and libraries in a local residential complex. It is also required to fire up the private sectors to maximize the abilities to make plans and to stimulate the creativities to perform the plans effectively. 신도시 단지내 커뮤니티시설의 복합화 방안에 관한 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 효과와 개선방안을 제시할 수 있다. 국내의 커뮤니티시설의 건립 및 운영주체는 각 운영기관별 특성과 체계가 달라 각 시설별로 독자적으로 건립 /운영되고 있는 것이 현재까지의 전반적인 실정으로 볼 수 있다. 다만 최근 들어 신도시 건설이 정착화 단계에 접어들면서 해당기관간의 커뮤니티시설의 복합화를 통해 기능별, 이용계층별로 분산 입지되었던 기존의 커뮤니티시설 건립 및 운영방식을 각 기관별 운영주체간의 협의를 거쳐 보다

전향적으로 개선함으로써 지역주민간의 대면접촉의 기회를 향상시키고, 지역주민들의 활발한 교류를 촉진하여 지역공동체를 활성화할 수 있는 지역사회적인 시스템을 구축할 필요성이 강력히 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 커뮤니티시설간의 유기적 연계를 통해 도시 공공공간을 조직화함으로써 지역주민의 공유공간을 제공하고 생활공간으로서의 장소성을 부여할 수 있는 계기가 마련되어야 한다. 또한 현재의 커뮤니티시설의 공급은 해당 지자체 및 중앙 주무기관인 행정안전부, 문화관광부, 보건복지부, 교육과학기술부를 포함한 시·도의 해당부서의 개별적인 공급기준 및 운영기준, 이해관계 등에 의해 이루어지고 있어 이러한 개별공급과 건립방식은 개별 관련부처의 재산권 확보와 운영을 포함한 관리의 편의성이 이용자의 편의성 보다 우선시 되는 공급자 중심의 커뮤니티시설 공급체계를 지속시켜왔다. 최근 들어 일부 지자체에서 이러한 개별 공급방식을 극복한 사례가 나타나고 있으나 현재까지 대부분의 시설들은 관례적인 공급자 중심의 현행 체계의 한계에 따라 시설건립이 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 이번 연구과제의 부제로 분석한 남양주별내 신도시내에 계획된 각종 커뮤니티시설 배치와 관련하여 학교시설과 공공청사, 청소년수련원, 도서관 및 근린공원을 단지내 산재한 하천공간과 연계시켜 합리적으로 배치한 커뮤니티코리도 공간 계획은 앞으로 신도시개발 기법에 적극 반영하여야 할 좋은 사례로 분석되었다.

또한 현재의 운영 및 건립 주체측의 입장을 고려한 공급체계는 이러한 지역주민이 요구하는 복합시설수요에 대응하기 어려운 상황임에 따라 관련 커뮤니티시설의 복합화를 통해 건립 및 운영비용의 절감을 가능하게 하는 효율적이 재정운용 방안의 마련이 절실하다. 커뮤니티시설의 복합화는 커뮤니티시설의 연계 및 통합 조성으로 개별 조성방식에 비해 토지이용의 효율성을 극대화하고 운영비용을 절감할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 재정운용의 합리화를 통해 수준 높은 커뮤니티시