압축적 도시계획요소가 지역경제발전에 미치는 영향 : 중국 대도시를 사례로

중국 대도시의 압축적 도시계획요소가 지역경제발전에 미치는 영향을 분석했다.

Since the 1980s, the concept of compact city has been widely recognized and accepted in the western developed countries where the land resources are relatively scarce and population decreases sharply. The governments from the central to the local are carrying out a system of policies and measures to curb the unordered and sprawling expansion of the cities and thus reach the balance between the urban spatial structure and regional sustainable development.

Based on the above research background, this paper aims to study the influence of the factor of the compact urban spatial structure on the regional economy, especially the regional labor productivity centered on the city unit of our country, at the same time, give an analysis and comparison to the influence of the factor of the compact urban spatial structure on the different level of economic development of cities and regions.

In order to reach the goal of giving an analysis to the factor of compact city space structure which have influenced the regional productivity, this article selects the per capital regional GRDP created by the relevant practitioners and the panel data formed by the corresponding data in the above 33 cities in ten years (2003-2012). On this basis, this article gives an full consideration of the diversity of regional economy from the aspect of capital labor and other production factors, and sorts out the relevant factors affecting the regional labor productivity from the aspect of urban form and transportation infrastructure and also constructs the corresponding panel model.

We draw the following conclusions through the analysis of the data model. First, seeing from the estimated results of the national model, except for one of the variables-the convenience of cultural facilities, other 12 variables are all statistically significant. Among the control variables, the more the amount of capital of city is, the higher the share of population who receive a high education will be, the more the proportion of the worker of knowledge intensive industry is, much easier will be to improve the labor productivity of the whole city or region.

In the factor of the compact city planning, there is a significant positive correlation between density of population and the labor productivity. This is mainly because the increasing improvement of the population density contributes to the form of the agglomeration economy and thus raises economic development level of the whole area. However, on the contrary, the square of the population density presents a significant negative correlation with the labor productivity.

This also indicates that when the urban population is over dense and exceeds the value of the best urban population density, agglomeration diseconomy will in turn exceeds agglomeration economy and exerts unfavorable effects on the economic development of the whole region. When we observe the two variables at the same time, we can see that there exists a curvilinear relation of "inverted U type” between the density of population and the labor productivity. This also means that when the city has not reach the value of the best urban population density, the higher the population density is, the better the improvement of the labor productivity of the city and region will be.

However, when the urban population density exceeds this value, it will in turn exert negative influence on the urban and regional economy. According to the division of China's economic geographical zone, this study constructs three regional Panel Model with the eastern region, middle region and west region as the research object. In the variables of population density, eastern and middle region all reveal a significant positive correlation with the regional labor productivity, by contrast, the western region reveals a significant negative correlation with the regional labor productivity.

This is mainly due to the difference of the industry of various areas and the stage of urbanization development in different areas as well as the implementation of differentiated regional development policy (such as the rise of central China and the western development, etc.). In addition, the variables of the square of population density in east and west region present obvious negative correlation with the regional labor productivity.

When the variables of the population density and the variables of the square of population density were analyzed at the same time, consistent with the national model, it is found that there exists "inverted U type" relationship between the population density in the eastern region and regional labor productivity. However, as the western region is in the high-speed development stage of industrialization, with the increase of investment in industry and the constant entering of enterprises, the demand for industrial land is also increasing continuously. Therefore, the expanse of a large number of industrial land in urban area will inevitably lead to the decline of urban population density.

Nevertheless, different from the western region, the decline of the population density caused by the aggregation of the industrial capital will not reduce the urban and regional labor productivity. Thus, the decline of the population density in western area where is in the industrial phrase of development will in turn exerts positive effects on the development of urban and regional economy. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: first, the establishment of compact city form will be helpful for improving the efficient level of regional economic development.

Second, it is necessary for the relevant departments of urban and regional government to predict the value of optimum population density in the city and make it the important indexes of urban management and regional planning, thus to ensure that the urban and regional labor productivity can develop to the highest level. Third, the constant complement of urban infrastructu