지방도시재생사업 발전방안의 연구 : 인천광역시를 중심으로

인천 지방도시 재생사업의 발전 방안과 추진체계를 연구한다.

유엔(UN)은 '지속가능한 발전' 현 정부는 '국토균형개발' 차원의 도시재생프로젝트를 실시하고 있다. 그 동안 ‘도시 및 주거환경정비법’ 등의 개별법으로 실시되었던 재개발을 광역적, 체계적, 효율적으로 추진하도록 도시재정비 촉진을 위한 특별법을 제정하였다. 이로 인하여 도시재생사업의 법적 토대가 마련되었다. 그러나 사업의 공공성을 확보하고자 사업시행자를 공공으로 한정하였지만 전담조직에 대한 내용이 언급이 되어 있지 않았다. 그러나 각 지방자치단체의 현황에 맞는 전담조직을 갖추어 지방도시재생사업의 각각의 문제점을 해결하도록 하여야 한다. 그리하여 재원마련에서도 외자유치, 공적자금유용부분, 펀드, ABS, 채권, PILOT(Payment in lieu of taxes) 등을 고려하여 전담기구가 합리적인 방안을 선택하여책임감 있게 추진하도록 하여야 한다. 전담조직이 도시디자인, 도시마케팅 기법, 도시개발 유틸리티 프로그램을 개발하여 성공적으로 적용이 되면 제3국에 수출 할 수 있어 도시마케팅으로 국부를 창출 할 수 있다. 이러한 지식기반 미래산업은 많은 비용이 소요되는 사업으로 다음 사업에 성공적으로 이용 되도록 전문적인 기구 설립이 필요하다. 도시재생사업에서 중요한 부분 중에 하나는 유지관리부분이다. 재생사업의 특성상 초고층 건물과 특수 기반시설이 많아 지속가능한 도시발전을 위해서 유지관리를 전담할 기구가 필요하다.

이러한 현실적인 상황에 비추어 한국적 도시재생사업을 실현하기 위한 실험정신에 입각한 전담조직으로「지방도시재생청」을 정부 산하기관으로 설립하도록 제안한다. The term, "Urban Regeneration" was first used in the beginning of 1980s to describe the city planning in U.K. However, we prefer to use "Sustainable Urban Regeneration" in these modern days. UN defines the sustainable development as the development to fulfill the necessity ofa current generation without sacrifices of resources for unborn generation to be kept. We should differentiate the meaning between the Regeneration and the Redevelopment.

Regeneration includes the maintenance and improvement of public establishments on a noble scale, and in a broad concept, it contains a policy structure to exercise the maintenance and the administration for various social structures such as a shopping precinct while the Redevelopment focuses on the development of real estate. There are several paradigms of the sustainable urban regeneration in the world.

In the U.S., the Smart Growth in the late 1980s was an urban maintenance program, which was used to empower and maintain strong economies to devote to the economic growth and a decrease of unemployment rate as the program provide a fine residential district and used to protect the natural environment. In the case of the U.K., the Urban Village was constructed to supply the efficient and environmental residential community with many multi-useful establishments without automobiles. There are several problems of the urban regeneration for the Incheon Metropolitan City. The authority is shared by too many different departments, and each department has its own job to do.

It decreases the efficiency of the worka lot. Also personnel in those departments often move into another department by the command. It would hurt the project of the urban regeneration which needs the accumulation of specialized technology. The City of Incheon delegates the authority of compensation for fertile ground of the citizens to another entity. There would be extra cost of 75 billion won to do so. It is so sensitive aspects linked to the survival of the Incheon citizens. It causes significant problems of conflicted interests. Additionally, it is probable that there would be insufficient funds to finish the project. It will increase the tax rate for the citizens.

Lastly, there is not any program to avert a calamity by the accident of the establishments. Those establishments are based on new technology. If there is not well equipped maintenance and repair program, one minor accident causes a significant disaster. For the solution of problems mentioned above, this researcher suggests the creation of the Organization of Incheon Provincial City Regeneration, which is in charge of the urban regeneration for Incheon Metropolitan city to accomplish the Korean governance program. The organization executes the urban regeneration program by itself, and provides a maintenance and repair program after completion.

The creation of the department seems like going against the stream of maintaining small government movement at current. However, the project has an annual budget of 20 billion won. It is a huge amount that there should be someone who is responsible for the result of the project. There are several roles for the Organization of Incheon Provincial City Regeneration to do. First, it is an organization which has the whole responsibility of the project of urban regeneration. There is a Special law that defines the participants of the project.

However, the Law does not have any reference about the entity of full charge for the project except that governmental entity would be selected as a conductor. Also it fails to impose proper responsibility on the right person after completion of the project. Secondly, we have to admit that we are lack of experience to formulate a plan and to wrap out a program of urban regeneration. Also we do not have sufficient architectural technology to complete our urban regeneration by our own. Realistically, we are very much dependent upon the foreign urban regeneration technology. We need a structure to accumulate our knowledge which would be developed to be intangible assets to be sold.

The intangible asset could be a product that does not need any raw materials. At third, when the accumulated knowledge through the process of urban regeneration is linked to a distinctive characteristic of the city, it generates marketing tools to be a product to be sold, which maximize benefits. Fourthly, there would be the conflicts of interests between governmental entities, which were elected for urban generation and the citizens of Incheon that acquire indemnifiers from the sacrifices of their homes. The citizens of Incheon can not move into another area with the compensation from the sacrifices of their fertile ground through the urban generation.

The Incheon local government should have responsibility to provide basements for their citizens. The responsibilities must not be delegated into the governmental entities, which want to maximize their interests on the pretext of public interests. The urban regeneration of Incheon should be done for the benefits of the citizens of Incheon. We need an institution which arbitrates their duplicated interests and prevent the fund for the project from flowing into wrong posi