도시 집합주거단지의 개방성 평가지표 개발

도시 집합주거단지의 개방성을 평가하는 지표를 개발했다.

This dissertation cognized that the main problem of Korean urban housing complexes is 'the closeness' and this matter comes from self-contained composition of housing complex layouts. The matter of closeness of housing complex equal to the matter of exchange and communication. Openness as the exchange and communication in our society, also has same meaning with the openness through the sense of members of urban community, not just residents of housing complexes. Hence this study started from anxiety of closeness of housing complex and desire of new concept of openness and approach.

However, in existing discussions of openness in housing complexes, most of the researches had made for residents, urban planner and urban operator. So this study perceived the necessity of the evaluation methods and researches in neighborhood environment. Accordingly this notion, the purposes of this study are following. The first purpose is establishing objective and relative evaluation indices for measurement of new openness in housing complexes. The Second purpose is, verifying indices and valuating some cases of housing complexes in these days.

Through these studies, lastly it would propose some planning methods of urban housing complexes that based on exchange and communication in urban environment. Through Chapter 2, this study has some core theoretical considerations about the meaning of an urban housing as an urban community. In this part, it includes the researches of cultural character of urban housing and community, the studies of humanism thesis for opened and closed society, and the investigation about border spaces and those meaning and function in contemporary urban housing complexes. In Chapter 3, it developed some evaluation indices of openness and verified with virtual housing complexes..

Beyond existing researches, this indices considered about spatial composition and usage in border spaces of neighborhood environment of urban housing complexes. There are four basic indices(V.C.I: View Corridor Index. O.V.P.I: Open Visual Plane Index, S.B.S.I: Surrounding Boundary Space Index, P.A.I: Physical Access Index), two revisional basic indices(C.O.I: Corrected Openness Index, C.A.I: Corrected Access Index) and one comprehensive index(O.C.I: Openness Comprehensive Index). In Chapter 4, it has a analysis of nine cases of urban housing complexes through new evaluation indices and certified that there are some weaknesses in existing evaluation methods.

It means that we cannot evaluate openness of housing complexes with only physical openness or physical accessibility. Besides, it is very important that this accessibility as a chance of exchange and communication in border spaces of housing complexes. As a result of case study and analysis, Chapter 5 has analytic results about the pattern of change and character of our housing complexes, the relation between contemporary planning tendency and urban spaces and those meanings. Though high density and limited land, Korean urban housing complexes have followed up the openness continuously from studying physical openness to finding physical accessibility.

Through planning of living streets in complexes has made their border space to daily living place. However, the standardized tower-type apartment planning cannot sure the genuine openness of our housing complexes. With application for border spaces in our complexes which means accessibility of spatial usage, we have to consider about possibility of not only contact and meeting, but also exchange and communication in our housing complexes. Finally, it is essential that constructing open border space and relating with neighborhood urban environment. Through these efforts, we can make some desirable housing complexes that have good communications and exchanges in urban environment.

As a result, this study focused on the meaning of exchange and communication between housing complexes in urban environment and its border spaces. Through these researches, we can define many urban problems came from our existing housing complexes. In other words, we can overcome many social problems that caused by our housing complexes and establish a clear method which evaluate openness of our housing environment. In addition, it can be a methodology of consideration of our border spaces in many cases of urban housing complexes. The exchange and communication are the invisible power that has led our society and city.

Smooth exchanges and communications would bring the improvement of our city. However separation and isolation, in the other way, make our society regressive. Throughout controlling our numerous border space as a chance of exchange and communication, we can overcome our social and urban matters gradually. With these efforts, our city and our society are able to go forward to more secured and desirable, 'open city, open society'. 본 연구는 집합주거의 발전에도 불구하고 과거부터 현재까지 지속적으로 제기되고 있는 주거단지의 폐쇄성 문제에 대해서 근본적 원인을 자기완결적인 공간구성과 이로 인한 주변 환경과의 단절로 진단하였다. 고립과 단절이라는 근본적 원인을 해결하기 위해서는 도시의 주요 구성요소인 주거단지를 도시공동체로서 인식하고 도시공동체로서 주변 환경과 조화되고 소통과 교류를 이끌어 낼 수 있는 주거단지의 개방적인 물리적 환경이 조성되어야 한다는 것을 전제하였다.

즉 주거단지의 폐쇄성의 문제는 곧 ‘소통과 교류’의미의 개방성 문제인 것이다. ‘소통과 교류’의미의 개방성은 주거단지의 거주자입장이 아닌 도시공동체의 일원으로서 이용자(거주자+지역주민+방문인+이방인) 입장에서 바라보는 근린환경에 대한 주거단지의 개방성을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 주거단지의 폐쇄성에 대한 우려와 개방성에 대한 관점의 변화 및 새로운 접근의 필요성에 인식에 의해 출발하였다. 그러나 기존의 주거단지 개방성 논의는 주거단지환경을 대상으로 거주자 혹은 도시관리자 입장에서 주로 이루어졌으며, 근린환경을 대상으로 이용자적 관점에서의 연구와 평가도구는 거의 전무하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 구제척인 목적은 첫째, 근린환경에 대한 주거단지의 새로운 개방성 평가지표의 개발로서 객관적이고 상대비교가 가능한 정량적 지표 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 둘째, 개발된 평가지표에 의해 사례를 평가함으로서 지표 검증과 동시에 우리나라 주거단지의 개방성의 변화와 특성을 살피고 계획조건 및 환경과의 관계분석을 통해 최근 도시 고밀화와 공공성 논의 속에 실험되고 있는 주거단지 계획경향에 대한 평가와 의미를 해석하고, 우리의 주거단지가 소통과 교류를 통한 바람직한 주거단지로 나아갈 수 있는 제언을 하고자 하였다.

이러한 목적을 위한 이론적 고찰로서는 도시공동체로서 집합주거단지의 의미와 역할과 집합주거 공동체의 문화적 속성의 이론적 고찰과 닫힌 사회와 열린 사회에 대한 인문학적 고찰, 그리고 도시공간과 경계, 경계 공간에 대한 의미와 역할에 대한 탐구를 통해 주거단지의 경계 공간을 통한 주거단지의 공공성과 개방성을 논의하였으며, 이를 통해‘열린 주거단지’의 의미와 새로운 개방성 평가지표 개발을 위한 개념적 틀을 설정하였다. 다음으로 근린환경에