소단위 아파트 개발에 의한 주거지 형태의 변화 : 서울시 토지구획정리사업지구를 중심으로

토지구획정리사업지구에서 소단위 아파트 개발에 따른 주거지 형태 변화를 분석했다.

This dissertation will consider the change to urban forms of residential areas according to the development of apartments by targeting, from among the low-rise residential areas of Seoul, the overall land readjustment area in Seoul which was created since the 60s. Based on this information, the study draws out types of change for urban form and interprets its characteristics.

In particular, the study gives an explanation on the aspects of residential area change by centering on the five elements of block, lots, buildings(building shape), open space, and streets while targeting 'small unit apartments' that display a form of development involving individual units, which is carried out within existing residential areas. The study also suggests types of change for the urban tissue of low-rise residential areas through relational analysis between each element. In this way, the aspects of residential area change were interpreted through internal and external factors, with the results displayed as follows.

First of all, when the main system used in apartment construction was analyzed, it was revealed that the main system that could be used in construction within existing residential areas by civilian enterprise was Housing Construction Projects and Housing Reconstruction Projects(a small scale reconstruction project involving less than 300 households). Therefore, in view of the pertaining project, the period when small unit apartments began in earnest to be constructed within existing residential areas was determined to be subsequent to 1995.

On this basis, in view of the actual spatial distribution status, the study could confirm that construction and supply were concentrated on the Land Readjustment Area, and that regional differences were arising to such construction aspects. In particular, various factors were affecting regional crowding and concentration, but analysis revealed the number of row houses within individual areas as the main factor, and therefore, small unit apartment construction played a main role primarily through the reconstruction of row houses.

Next, the results of analyzing the physical characteristics of small unit apartments revealed that plottage was located within a 700 ~ 6,700㎡ range, and that they were generally constructed in aggregating parts of lots within the block because they were smaller than average block size in the area. From the aspect of construction density, the building coverage ratio was 30~40%, and the floor area ratio was about 290%, while the average number of floors for an apartment block was around 11~15 floors, revealing a threefold gap when compared to the existing housing environment(around 4 floors). On this basis, the aspects of residential area change can be summarized as follows.

First, upon examining the block form of the land readjustment area, the structure of the block can be distinguished and examined as two types according to the lot arrangement number of the block short side, with the short side lot row classified as a [multiple row block] which includes 4~6 rows, and a [2 row block] involving 2 rows. Second, the results of analyzing change of lots within the block revealed that the type of change could be distinguished into 12 types, and overall, the [Short side type], the [Edge Type], and the [Long side centric type] appeared as the main types.

Therefore, the existing ideal maintenance plan for within the low-rise residential area involves types(Block and Multiple block types) that are developed by combining lots in the overall block which is even suggested in the present. This has a proportion of around 8%, which confirms a gap with existing research directions or policy.

Third, the street width of land lots where small unit apartments are constructed are revealed to be in contact with a 6m street width for both long and short sides, with those that are constructed within residential areas confirmed to be the most high, and long sides that exceed 12m widths revealed as the most high, while for short sides, 7~8 meter roads are revealed to be the next high. Fourth, the residential block form of small unit apartments can be distinguished into 10 types, with the type called the flat-type apartment taking up about 96%.

In particular, from among flat-type apartments, for the single block type, the [-character type], [ㄱcharacter type], and [ㅏcharacter type] are central types, and for multiple blocks, the [-character type combination] and [miscellaneous combination] types can be said to be leading types.

Fifth, a total of six types can be distinguished based on the status of the open space created in the wayside of each small unit apartment, with open space in contact with the long side revealing the [parking space types] and [landscaping type-close] as leading types, and open space in contact with the short side revealing the [parking space types] and [landscaping type-close] as leading types, but with the proportion of the [landscaping type-close] relatively higher.

After examining the relations between each urban form elements, it is first revealed that there is an extremely clear statistical difference in the characteristics of type of lot change groups between the [multiple row block] and the [2 row type block], concerning the relationship of block form and type of lot change according to the construction of small unit apartments. This reveals that the block structure of the land readjustment area is affecting the lot combination form for constructing small unit apartments.

Second, an extremely clear statistical difference is appearing, through five types, in the characteristics between lot type and residential block form, and this confirms that the lot combination type is affecting the residential block form of small unit apartments and their size. Third, the results of analyzing the relationship between residential block type and open space type show that the type of open space following residential block form has a significant d