한말~일제초 근대적 토지소유권의 확정과 국유ㆍ민유의 분기 = The Establishment of Modern Land Ownership and Its Separation between the National and the Private in Late Joseon - The Case of Seokjang-dun in Ansan County, Gyeonggi Province

안산 석장둔의 근대적 토지소유권 확정과 국유·민유 분기를 살폈다.

This article deals how reclaimed land, Seokjang-dun[石場屯] in Ansan County came to be integrated into the modern land ownership. By investing money and labor, civilians could hold title to the new lands, on each gyeol[結] of which were levied 100 dus[1 du[斗] is almost equivalent to 18 litters] of rough rice or 40 dus of polished rice by the competent authorities. During the modern reform period at the end of the nineteenth century, the State did not acknowledge Seokjang-dun as private land. Moreover, it raise the tax on it by the Gabbo Reform[甲午改革] years.

Seokjang-dun had to face the crisis of nationalization when the government of the Daehan Empire aggressively carried forward the policy of expanding national land. But it came to be registered in the Gwangmu Terrier[光武量案] and its civilian holders, accepted as virtual owners, officially acquired the private ownership. The original level of taxation also was maintained without any change. But as the Residency-General of the Imperial Japan, by adopting a new concept of the National Land, absorbed the farms which were created with the participation of official agencies, Seokjang-dun was nationalized.

At that time, the right of the State toward each farm was not so clear: whether it was a tax levying one or an ownership, or something in the middle of these two. Nevertheless, the holders of the farms unfortunately included in the list of the national lands were forced to accepted a tenancy contract with the State. The case of Seokjang-dun was no exception. Later, land holders in Seokjang-dun managed to secure modern ownership through new assessments done by the Land Survey Project.

But it should be noted that these “100 dus of rough rice” type farmers, despite bearing the almost same level of tax burden as the officially approved landowners, had to suffer real hardships until they could get land ownership, where nearby civilian farms’ ownerships were being bought and sold since about two hundred years. Modern land readjustment was proceeded in favor of the State, in which the Japanese Imperialism played an leading role.

머리말 1. 갑오개혁 이후 토지조사와 석장둔의 위상변화 2. 일제의 토지조사와 석장둔 처리 맺음말 참고문헌 〈Abstract〉