뉴타운開發 事業의 問題點과 效率的 推進方案에 關한 硏究 : 서울 길음뉴타운사업 지역을 중심으로

서울 길음뉴타운 개발사업의 문제점과 효율적 추진 방안을 연구한다.

For the last 3 decades, Gangbuk district (North of Han River) has been underdeveloped due to discriminating downtown regulations and poor regeneration of the existing streets, while Gangnam district (South of Han River) has been intensively developed with real estate capitals and rich class concentrated. As a result, there is an extremely wide gap between two districts. Particularly, through 70's and 80's, the central and Seoul metropolitan governments had continued to check concentration of the population in Gangbuk district, while promoting development of Gangnam, causing a reverse balance between the two districts today.

Recently, the issue of a social integration emerges because of the serious unbalance of living environment, educational conditions and real estate prices between the two districts. In short, the balanced development between the two districts has become a pending challenge undeniable. As the local autonomy system began to be operated in 1990's, Seoul metropolitan government turned to the balanced development between Gangbuk and Gangnam districts, admitting the gap of development between the two districts.

In 1998, Seoul metropolitan government designed and implemented 'Basic Plan for Housing Redevelopment in Seoul' in an effort to surmount the problems of the housing redevelopment and enhance quality of the housing redevelopment projects. However, the projects under 'Basic Plan for Housing Redevelopment' could not but be too limited to improve the urban and living environments in Seoul because the projects were initiated by the private capitals.

Thus, in order to promote the balanced development between Gangbuk and Gangnam districts, Seoul metropolitan government published 'Action Plan for Balanced Development among Districts' in October, 2002 and thereby, began to push ahead with the new town projects on a full scale. The new town projects were designed to improve the urban environment of Gangbuk district which had relatively fallen behind Gangnam district and resolve the unbalance between districts and ultimately promote the balanced development among regions and normalize the distorted urban structure. The new town development projects refer to regeneration of the existing streets implemented by Seoul metropolitan government.

The projects aim to combine reconstruction and redevelopment projects into a package project and thereby, improve Gangbuk district with 'planning first and development later' method so that Gangbuk district would be a better district to live in 10 years later. In October, 2002, Seoul metropolitan government divided the project types in large into housing center, downtown and new street and therewith, published 3 model new town zones of Gil-Um, Eun-Pyong and Wangshimri. Since then, a total of 35 new town project zones have been designated.

Assuming that the new town projects should continue to develop, this study aimed to review the conflicts involving the projects and relevant legal and institutional problems and thereby, suggest a direction for new town development. To this end, the researcher examined foreign cases and thereby, conducted a questionnaire survey for the residents living in Gil-Um new town project zone to address the problems involving the new town projects and suggest some urban development policy alternatives to help our society prepared for the future problems including the aged society.

As a result of the survey, it was found that the residents wanted that the native people would be resettled in the new towns and that the new town development would reflect the historical and cultural conditions of Gangbuk district and that the urban and living environment would be improved. For a successful Gangbuk development, the results of this study suggest that a proper development method should be adopted with the sufficient financial resources secured, and that the public organizations should coordinate the projects with an effective leadership and that the experts should participate in the new town planning process.

In conclusion, the new town projects need to be planned so that present and future desires for development may be harmonized appropriately based on the past experiences. To be so, it is deemed necessary to encourage the people to participate in the development for improvement of their welfare, stabilize native people' and tenants' housing life and living, develop an effective housing policy model to stabilize the housing price, explore a sustainable downtown redevelopment model and design the new town projects in preparation for the aged society. In addition, Gangbuk and Gangnam districts should be developed to have their own unique image in view of environment and history.

Lastly, it should not be overlooked that if Gangnam district should be developed into a modern urban and living space, Gangbuk district should be developed into a living space where history, environment and culture co-exist to have an identity different from Gangnam. 강북은 지난 30년 동안 개발억제 정책 아래 차별적 도심규제와 기성시가지 정비가 매우 부족했던 반면에, 강남은 도시집중화 개발로 인한 부동산 자본과 자산계층이 집중되어 강남과 강북은 극심한 지역간 격차를 보이고 있다. 70년대와 80년대를 통하여 지속적으로 시행된 정부와 서울시의 강북 집중억제 및 강남 개발촉진정책이 오늘날 역 불균형의 문제를 불러오고 있는 것이다. 생활환경, 교육여건, 부동산가격 등의 불균형은 심각하여 최근에는 사회적 통합의 문제가 대두되기에 이르렀고, 서울의 강남·북 균형발전의 문제는 부인할 수 없는 당면과제가 되었다. 서울시는 1990년대에 지방자치제도가 시행되면서 강남지역에 비해 상대적으로 열악한 지역간 격차를 인식하면서 강남·북 균형발전을 위한 정책으로 선회하였다.

지난 1998년 ‘서울시 주택재개발 기본계획’을 수립하여 시행함으로서 난개발의 대명사격이었던 기존 주택재개발사업을 문제점을 극복하고 재개발사업 추진에 많은 질적인 변화를 이끌어 내고자 하였다. 그러나 ‘주택재개발 기본계획’에 의한 사업 역시 민간 위주의 개발이라는 속성상 악화되고 있는 서울의 도시환경 및 주거환경을 근본적으로 개선하기에는 한계가 있을 수 밖에 없었다. 이에 서울시는, 지역균형 발전을 위하여 2002년 10월 ‘지역균형발전 추진계획’을 발표함과 동시에 뉴타운 사업을 본격 추진하기 시작하였다. 뉴타운 사업을 통해 그간 강남에 편중된 개발로 인하여 상대적으로 낙후된 강북지역의 도시환경을 종합적으로 개선함으로써 지역간 불균형을 해소하고, 궁극적으로 지역간 균형발전을 촉진하고 왜곡된 도시구조를 정상화시키고자 하였다. 뉴타운 개발사업은 통상적으로 서울시에서 추진하고 있는 기성시가지 주거환경개선 사업을 지칭하는 것으로, 지역별로 난립하고 있던 재건축·재개발 지역들을 하나의 포괄적인 사업지로 묶어 ‘선계획 후개발’ 방식으로 강북지역을 10년후 현재의 강남권보다 살기 좋은 지역으로 바꾸겠다는 비전을 가지고 시행되는 제반사업이라 말할 수 있다. 서울시는 2002년 10월 사업유형을