朝鮮時代의 量田과 量案에 관한 연구 : 지적제도를 중심으로

조선시대 양전과 양안을 중심으로 토지 지적제도를 고찰했다.

This study attempts to investigate the cadastral system during the Choson Dynasty. Our ancestors have lived by engazing in agriculture from the ancient times. Therefore, the land registration system in our country has been developed with much relation to the national life. The models of Yang-jon and Yang-an had been used for the practical application of the land registration system until the end of the Choson Dynasty. The model of Yang-jon which was used at the end of Koryeo Dynasty had been used until the early days of the Choson Dynasty.

The above model of Yang-jon classified the land by three grades, namely, the first grade of twenty fingers, the second grade of twenty five fingers, and the thrid grade of thirty fingers. In the twenty sixth year of Sejong king (1444), the Center of Chonje-Sang-Joung for the land registration affairs was established and the law of Yang-jon was revised, which had the land measured with six different kinds of rules for six grades. In the year of Kapsul, namely, the twelfth year of Injo King (1634), a new surveying rule named Kapsul Rule longer than the Jou Rule at the times of Sejong king was designed, which had been used until the end of the Choson Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Hyo-jong king (1653), the law of Yang-jon which had the different kinds of rules used according to the grades of land, was revised to use only one kind of rule forl the first grade of land survey. According to the new law, the land tax was collected in accordance with the grade of land, i,e. 100 Bu for the first grade of land, 85 Bu for the second grade, 70 Bu for the third grade, 55 Bu for the fourth grade, 40 Bu for the fifth grade and 25 Bu for the sixth grade.

At this time, the land was surveyed by use of the string as the surveying tool, devided into five types of shape such as the regular square, the right angled square, the trapezoid, the regular triangle and the right angled traingle. The model of Yang-an which was a kind of official book for the survey and registration of land corresponds to the cadastre of these days. Each copy of Yang-an was kept at three posts of the Revenus Board, the province government and the country office, in which the records such as location, the parcel number, the value data, the shape, the classification, the category, the parcel size, the boundary and the owner of land were written.

Instead of the cadastral map, there were four directing posts showing the boundary of land in the model of Yang-an. The model of yang-an of Kwa-chon Gun in 1900 showed the shape of land as pictures as well as four directing posts. The person who was registered Joo (meaning the host) on the book of Yang-an was acknowledged as the absolute owner.