양도소득세 개선방안에 관한 연구

부동산 시장과 투기 억제를 위한 양도소득세 개선방안을 연구한다.

The capital gain tax relaxation policy used to activate the real estate markets depressed since the foreign exchange crisis and IMF bailout program thereof was replaced with the capital gain tax reinforcement policy to check the overheated real estate speculations in 2002. In addition, the government has put forward numerous measures to control speculations and overheated markets since 2003. However, whenever a policy or a measure was published, the speculations were rather encouraged. Such a vicious cycle had been highlighted as the most serious policy failure of the Participatory Government for long.

Recently, however, a series of government's reform measures began to be effective steadily: increase of the composite real estate tax rates, reinforced financial policies, development of Gangbuk (North of Han River) regions, disclosure of the apartment construction cost, distribution of the public facilities from capital region to provinces, expansion of apartment housing supplies, and so on. The examples of such effects are increase of unsold apartment houses particularly in local areas, slowdown of rising reconstruction demands or even signs of decreasing reconstruction demands and the like. Besides, The real estate bubbles are being removed.

The non-productive income from real estate speculations is a model of unearned income, discouraging a great number of workers and encouraging the tendency of real estate gambling. Moreover, the wealth unearned tends to be consumed in undesirable ways, making our society not healthy. In short, real estate speculations and unearned incomes therefrom are a kind of social evil. Therefore, it is really fortunate that the violent real estate gale generated since 2002 shows signs of disappearing. Such a phenomenon may well be attributable to the various policies discussed above and collapse of the world-wide real estate bubbles.

As discussed above, the capital gain tax may have side-effects if it should be used for political purposes, but in any capitalism society, the core tool available to the government is the tax policy. Particularly, the real estate tax system cannot but be used for political purposes because it is related with the economic conditions as well as the unproductive unearned incomes. In the second chapter of this study, the background of the capital gain tax system is reviewed theoretically. In the third chapter, history and current contents of the capital gain tax are examined in details.

In the fourth chapter, foreign cases about housing are reviewed, and finally, effects, problems and reform measures of the capital gain tax system are discussed. The results of this study suggest that if any policy should be implemented, it would necessarily have side-effects or mal-effects, and therefore, that in order to minimize such side-effects, it would be necessary to consult various expert groups and examine foreign cases and thereby, design the policies in both short and long terms (more than 10 years) encompassing finance, tax, foreign exchange and regions.

The exemption for the households owing a single house which the researcher emphasizes most in this study should be reflected earlier in revision of the relevant code; specifically, the ceiling of expensive houses should be raised, the conditions of period for actual residence and ownership should be abolished, but the actual residence certification should be submitted for the exemption. For the nation is obliged to protect citizens' stable housing life, one of the basic conditions of living, while checking the real estate speculations.