대규모 주거지 개발 수단으로서 ‘아파트지구’ 특성 연구 : 영동아파트지구종합개발기본계획을 중심으로

영동아파트지구 개발계획을 중심으로 아파트지구의 개발 특성을 분석했다.

The concept of the ‘apartment district’ was introduced to systematically restrict newly developed residential areas to the construction of apartment buildings in order to overcome the limits faced by housing suppliers focusing on the construction of single-family housing at the time, while systemically promoting the development of residential buildings and convenience facilities in the same place in order to maximize the efficiency of land use and improve residential environments. The introduction of the notion of ‘apartment district’ required the establishment of a ‘Master Plan for the Development of Apartment Districts’.

To set directions for the Master Plan, the Seoul Metropolitan Government decided to produce the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Yeongdong Apartment District. The introduction of the idea was therefore instrumental in laying the foundation for the city’s Master Plan for residential areas. Still, most experts are critical of the introduction and outcome of the ‘apartment district’ across the country, arguing in previous research papers that, based on Clarence A.

Perry`s Neighborhood Unit, the ‘apartment district’ system has helped promote the country’s current self-sufficient, exclusive apartment complex plan, leading to uniform apartment complex and neighborhood unit layout plans across the country. Previous research on the ‘apartment district’ was concentrated on analyzing strategies used for ‘building apartment complexes’ and the outcome of the strategies represented by the apartment-centered residential culture in the city, or restricted to the aspect of the apartment district that can be used as a population density management tool in relation to the land use plan of existing ‘apartment districts’.

This study differs from the aforementioned research in that it has looked into the major aspects of a variety of plans implemented through the country’s ‘apartment districts’ system in its development process of huge multi-family housing complexes across the country. This study examines the process that the establishment of the ‘apartment district’ system had to go through, how the system was applied, and what has happened since the elimination of the applicable laws.

Most notably, this study has placed emphasis on the identification of the impact of the ‘apartment district’ system, including the intentions of system introduction, on the country’s planning for large-scale apartment districts. To this end, this study has attempted to shed a new light on the roles and significance of the ‘apartment district’ system through the comparative analysis of major housing complexes at the time and the Comprehensive Yeongdong Apartment District Development Plan.

Major findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, the ‘apartment district’ system has helped support the country’s large-scale housing complex plans through institutional arrangements, by mandating the establishment of master plans for apartment districts. 1979 saw the enactment of the ‘Regulations on the Establishment of Master Plans for Apartment District Development’ which remained the only rule regarding the planning of apartment districts until 1991, when the ‘Regulations on Housing Construction Criteria, etc.’ were enacted.

As opposed to the previous zoning laws, the ‘apartment district’ system required the establishment of master plans, through the ‘Regulations on the Establishment of Master Plans for Apartment District Development’, which were required to include building control plans and development plans at the level of a neighborhood unit and an apartment district in the district development documents.

Most notably, for the first time in the country, the Seoul Metropolitan Government introduced the ‘apartment district’ system through the Comprehensive Yeongdong Apartment District Development Plan that showcased the plan establishment procedures and content to be included in the plan, including essential elements and procedures required to improve the country’s residential environments. Secondly, the ‘apartment district’ system laid the foundations for a Korean-style planning system of multi-family housing complexes.

Evolving from the strict application of the neighborhood unit theory based on the facility type and size, the Comprehensive Yeongdong Apartment District Development Plan proposed a master plan for a high-rise multi-family housing complex to secure plenty of space devoted to pedestrians within the complex accommodating a large number of people.

Furthermore, referring to the previous Yeouido and Jamsil district development plans, the planners for the Yeongdong Apartment District divided their plans into those for the neighborhood unit, public facilities, traffic circulation, open space, and housing, to present key concepts and elements of their construction plans, which were reflected in the Regulations on the Establishment of Apartment District Development Master Plans (1979) serving as the framework for the country’s subsequent housing complex construction plans. In the neighborhood unit plan, the Yeongdong Apartment District was created as a high-rise high-density housing area to allow for plenty of walking-centered space.

The center of the neighborhood unit was proposed as an area for commercial facilities, given the difference in motives for the formation of communities between Korea and the West, where the neighborhood unit theory was born. In the public facilities plan, the Yeongdong Apartment District presented specific means to raise the use of convenience facilities through pedestrian-centered design features as a solution to the already fixed road structure through a relevant land compartmentalization rearrangement project and to the non-expandability of infrastructure due to the public facilities to be located within apartment complexes.

In the traffic circulation plan, the Yeongdong Apartment District plan generated guidelines to install pedestrian walkways and no-vehicle roads i