신도시 단독주택지역 내 근린생활시설의 입지 및 분포특성에 관한 연구 : 분당 및 일산을 중심으로

분당·일산 신도시 단독주택지역의 근린생활시설 입지와 분포 특성을 분석했다.

The neighbourhood facilities of today's new cities are organized based on the concept of site notion, which is different from that of the past where cities were generated spontaneously and unplanned. But, in the neighborhoods of today's new cities, regulations concerning the building of commercial and residential buildings are easing and thus gradually allowing the mixture of various purposed facilities. Therefore, the separation usage principle, which was enforced in the early stages of the construction of new cities have become vague and also majority of solo residental areas have become commercialized residental compounds.

In other words, they ignored the actual problems concerning the structure of the residental site, and due to the alleviation of the regulations concerning the usage of the construction site, various different purposed buildings are being constructed in an indiscriminated residental site thus causing various problems like invasion of the right to light and privacy, excess of basic facilities, increase in civil petitions.

If we examine the basic residental concept of the newly formed cities, although they have the neighbourhood policy reflected between the adjacent neighbouring residental sites but, due to the alleviation of the regulations concerning the usage of the construction site, we found out that excess amount of commercial buildings have penetrated into the residental site.

In this study, based on the premises stated above, we are going to examine the status of the usage of the buildings in the residental sites in order to understand the location and the distribution of physical structures (street, block, surrounding environment, usage) within the residental area and find out about the arising problems inside these areas to provide fundamental information concerning future construction of residental areas.

The analysis of the site and the distribution of facilities in residental areas was carried out by analysing the order of the roads, the distance from the nearby commercialized area, and different building sites, which was believed to have an effect on the construction of a residential complex. The results of the analysis gave us the following results. Firstly, although there was plenty of commercialized areas and facilities surrounding the residential area, an excess amount of commercialized areas and facilities penetrated and established their settlement inside the residential area itself.

Secondly, the percentage of buildings for commercial purposes within the residential area was higher than that of the genuine residential purpose, and these commercial facilities established their settlement with in the blocks of the residential areas causing a disturbance between the residential sites and the neighboring facilities. Thirdly, we found out that there was a disturbing mixing between the essential daily facilities like supermarkets, markets that sell daily necessity, education institutes, children's facilities, real estate shops, newspapers with the nonessential facilities.

Fourthly, we found out that the neighborhood facilities were distributed in small portions within the residential area due to the excess penetration of nonessential facilities with high commercial purposes. Finally, traditionally, a lot of commercial industries like restaurant, car centers and entertainment facilities were located around the exterior of the residential area for easy access and acknowledgement, but now even these industries are penetrating inside the residential area thus causing various serious problems.

From these results, it is necessary to enforce an organized neighboring facilities to construct an organized and comfortable residential sites within the newly formed cities and I'll like to propose the following suggestions to do so. Firstly, the areas between a residential area and a commercial area, is rapidly becoming commercialized thus debasing the standard of life within the area. Therefore, when constructing a residential area, it is advise to avoid areas near a train station or a central commercial areas, and it is essential to build a facility to alleviate the tension between the commercial and residential areas.

Secondly, today, plans for the newly formed cities like Bundang and Ilsan, it states that it can build neighboring facilities anywhere without any restriction. But, to create a more comfortable residential and profitable commercialized area, it states that commercial industries like restaurants, car centers and entertainment facilities should be planned and built around the residential areas and not penetrating into it. Thirdly, there only exist two groups when classifying neighboring facilities.

But, considering the effects and the traits of its usage, it is advised that they should supply the standard of living condition by reexamining the classification and grouping it into several different classes. Fourthly, they should reflect the ideas of the residents in the area when planning future construction to allow the residents to protect and self-govern their residential area, which will allow an active participation of the residents in building a more comfortable living environment. 최근에 건설된 신도시의 근린생활시설은 자생적이고 무계획적으로 형성되어진 기존 도시와는 달리 용지개념에 의해 도시계획적으로 마련되었다. 그러나 현재 신도시에 조성된 주거지역의 경우 주상복합건물, 점포겸용주택에 대한 규제가 완화되는 등 용도혼합을 점차 허용하여 왔다.

따라서 초기 계획시의 기본방침인 용도분리원칙이 모호해졌을 뿐만 아니라 상당수의 단독주택지역이 소규모 주상복합 건물군으로 변하였다. 결국 주거지 공간구조 자체의 문제점은 간과한 채 필지별로 건축규제가 완화됨으로써 같은 용도지역에서 허용용도가 다른 건물들이 섞여 있게 되어 일조권 및 프라이버시 침해, 기반시설에 대한 과부하, 주민민원 등을 야기하고 있다. 신도시내의 일반주거지역인 단독주택지를 살펴보면, 주변 인접지역에 일반주거지역을 위한 근린상업용지가 책정되어 있음에도 불구하고 점포주택의 입지 및 건축규제의 완화로 인해 상업기능이 과도하게 침투되어 많은 상업시설이 입지되어 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 배경아래 본 연구에서는 신도시 내의 단독주택지역을 대상으로 용도혼재 실태를 조사함으로써 주거지역내의 물리적구조(가로, 블록, 주변환경, 용도)상의 입지 및 분포에 따른 근린생활시설의 특성을 이해하고 주거지역내에서 나타나는 근린생활시설에 대한 문제점을 파악함과 동시에 장래 단독주택지의 근린생활시설 입지계획에 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 근린생활시설의 입지 및 분포 특성 분석은 근린생활시설의 입지에 영향을 미치리라 생각되는 도로위계, 인접상업지와의 거리, 용도별 입지 지역등의 분석항목을 통해 분석하였다. 이러한 분석항목