인천경제자유구역 개발에 관한 정치경제학적 고찰

인천경제자유구역 개발의 정치경제적 성격과 도시공간 변화를 분석한다.

ABSTRACT A Critical Review on Incheon Free Economic Zone from the Political Economy Im, Josoon Department of Economics Incheon National University The first purpose of this study is to analyze the nature of the Incheon Free Economic Zone through a review of the political and economic urban theory. To this end, I would like to introduce the urban studies that define the city as a space where the social relations surrounding the accumulation activities of capital are formed and expanded and reproduced, and to clarify the continuity of the theory through the interaction between these political and economic urban studies.

The results of this study have been the theoretical basis for analyzing the political and economic characteristics of Incheon Free Economic Zone. The Second purpose of this study is to proved that the national free economic zone policy to achieve national competitiveness and balanced regional development through the Free Economic Zone actually failed. To this end, I will discuss the political economy analysis of Incheon Free Economic Zone which is considered as the most successful example of 8 free economic zones in the whole country. Chapter 3 explains and reinterprets political economy of urban theory and attempts to find the segmentation and continuity between them.

This theoretical study begins with the introduction of Lefebvre's consciousness that explains the emergence of the laws of capitalism in the city, the space where human daily life takes place. And then discusses David Harvey's work on the development of Lefebvre's work and theorization of the two concepts of ‘Circuits of capital’ and ‘Built Enviroment' which argues that capitalist contradiction is avoided through spatial expansion or reconstruction in the city.

In addition, the response of the regulation to the change of the accumulation regime brings the framework of analysis from the national state to the urban level, and puts the consciousness of the problem of the regulation of urban study which made the change of the regulation of the Post-Ford accumulation regime have. This study argues that one of the examples of this new form of regulation is urban entrepreneurship. Urban entrepreneurship is characterized by first attracting domestic and foreign capital, second, creating urban governance involving, city entrepreneurs, experts, and civic groups, and third, strengthening the knowledge-based economy and urban competitiveness.

And the ideology of the urban image, which has been successful in a very few cities, but rather it emphasizes the fact that it deepens the contradictions of the capitalist system.

Finally, I will introduce the theory of political geographers such as Neil Branner that the state responds to the structural crisis of capital accumulation and adjusts the 'spatial' scope of policy application to secure the legitimacy of the state, In the sense that the spatial scale of policy application can be encompassed in 'regulation' which is the total of 'non-economic things' such as institutions and policies, we prove that there is a continuity between the methodology of critical political geography and the theory of regulation. In Chapter 4, I analyzed Incheon Free Economic Zone from historical and institutional viewpoint and introduced it based on empirical cases.

Prior to the IMF crisis in 1997, the Incheon Free Economic Zone had to find its origins in a service report commissioned by Booz Allen & Hamilton, a global management consulting firm, as a way to recognize and overcome the crisis of Korean capitalism in the government. will be. In this report, I mentioned the possibility of the Korean economy facing the nut-cracker situation in China and Japan, and ordered neo-liberal policies such as market-based labor market opening and financial market opening, We are successfully evaluating the case of attracting.

In 2003, the Samsung Economic Research Institute quoted this report and published a research paper on the need to install special economic zones based on neo-liberal economic policies. The Korean government has pursued the Free Economic Zone policy as pointed out in the above two studies.

The Incheon Free Economic Zone Authority, which has been promoting the Incheon Free Economic Zone Project, is an organization based on Incheon Metropolitan City Ordinance and has a lot of difficulties in carrying out the business as authority is in the state and all responsibilities and responsibilities are the urban government..Meanwhile, the Incheon Free Economic Zone has been performing poorly despite the unfavorable benefits to foreign investors such as corporate tax, acquisition tax, reduction of registration tax for up to seven years, free land lease, and labor market deregulation.

The Songdo Free Economic Zone is seen as a place of speculation for real estate developers focused on apartment development. The land of industrial parks, research complexes, etc. Are poorly sold, and the number of apartment units has increased by thousands of households than originally planned. The Yeongjong Free Economic Zone has not been properly promoted, such as the cancellation of a considerable area in the Free Economic Zone, and it only looks at apartment construction and casino business. Especially, the plan to host four casinos in one area is difficult in terms of business realism and national sentiment.

The Cheonglae Free Economic Zone has also been successful in apartment sales, but the robot land business, which has spent 16 billion won in capital for 10 years, is facing difficulties. Chapter 5 analyzes the impact of the Incheon Free Economic Zone on the local economy using the OLS statistical method. After the Incheon Free Economic Zone was designated and after the designation, the dependent variables such as construction investment and facility investment were followed by changes in dependency variables such as GRDP, employment rate and bill default rate, which are indicators of regional economy. In additio