도심 속 상업가로 내 개별건축물 공개공지의 공공적 활용에 관한 연구

상업가로의 사유지 공개공지 활용과 공공성 향상 방안을 연구했다.

As improved quality of life, more people are interested in improving the quality of a city and, therefore, in utilization of public spaces used by the general public. The Privately Owned Public Space system was introduced as a solution as it is difficult to secure open space and capital to improve the quality of urban environment in civic centers which are already saturated with construction. POPS(Privately Owned Public Space) is a public space within a private land based on public use of private capital, and arguably has the highest development potential as an external space in everyday life. POPS as a public space, commercial districts in the civic center are most effective.

Commercial districts have the highest floating population in a city, and require the public character, which is to be secured by POPS, more than any other districts. Therefore, developing the POPS for public use expands public space by using an existing space in the civic center, and also adds its utility as a community space in the city with established local identity and the city’s unique charm. This study will look into characteristics to use an individual building’s POPS in urban commercial streets as a public space and compare POPS in Korea and elsewhere.

It aims to suggest ways to approach public spaces in a more diverse and flexible way and contribute to reformation of the city so that POPS in commercial streets in Korea can improve the identity of the street and district and function as a landmark for the citizens in the city. In this study, as urban commercial streets, 14 open spaces – 8 in Korea and 6 abroad – that act as a landmark in the city were selected. In Korea, Gangnam-daero which is the central place of the Korean culture industry and has the highest floating population, was selected and section was designated before selecting eight individual building’s POPS in the section that have various sizes (70~2000㎡).

For overseas cases, in the US and Japan where POPS are more developed as a system, three places in New York’s 5th Avenue and three in Keyakijakadori of the RoppongiHills, which is one of the most well-known integrated use space in Japan, were chosen. The cases were analyzed based on 11 characteristics regarding institutional, functional, environmental, socio-cultural, and user-behavioral approaches for public utilization of open spaces in urban commercial streets, and 7 detailed evaluation items were developed in order to analyze on a scale of 7 with 1 point in each item.

After comparing and analyzing domestic and overseas cases, the following ways to utilize individual building’s POPS in commercial streets as a public space from the institutional, functional, environmental, socio-cultural, and user-behavioral approaches were obtained: 1) Institutional Approach The first is to prepare regulations on the building use in order to improve the relationship between commercial streets and POPS in a city. Lower floors of Korean commercial streets are mostly used as a lobby, which is a closed space for general citizens to use. Regulating the use of buildings in commercial streets can activate POPS more publicly and also prevent clustering of urban commercial streets.

The second concerns POPS installation criteria, and, the current criteria in Korea only specify the installed facility and area and not the form or position. For POPS to be used more actively, there should be a specific guideline that considers the surrounding environment as a whole. The third is a regulation on incentives paid for creating POPS. In Korea, only the quantitative aspect of POPS is forced and incentivized, and differentiated incentive will need to be provided by creating various detailed criteria regarding use and building of POPS for qualitative and quantitative expansion.

2) Functional Approach As part of the functional approach, to improve accessibility, it is important to make the building owner to understand the significance of the role of POPS in an urban space, and to review detailed plans on the accessibility when planning construction of the building. In other words, in the initial stage of planning a building, the POPS must be positioned so that it is close to surrounding pedestrian street and public transportation facilities and also easily perceived from the street based on detailed criteria.

In terms of the safety, surveillance camera, waterproof, and electric leakage prevention devices must be installed mandatorily, and lighting facility must be installed for safety during the night. Also, the spatial planning must be focused on POPS so that there is no visually blocked space, which will allow natural surveillance, and the safety of facilities inside an POPS must be considered. For management, regulation on private space use including temporary installation of unauthorized expansion in the POPS must be reinforced in order to manage it as a public space, and cooperation with the building owner is required to maintain clean facilities and environment.

3) Environmental Approach For amenity, facilities or seats that will not be exposed to snow or rain must be qualitatively and quantitatively secured to enable rest in the POPS. Also, in terms of noise prevention, natural elements such as a wall fountain or landscape architecture or spatial elements must be prepared for more refreshing environment. For environmental-friendliness, landscape and other elements inside the POPS must be fully used as well as environmentally-friendly materials such as stones and water in building a POPS. 4) Socio-cultural Approach POPS must be considered as a public space that the general public use.

Spaces and facilities for the disabled and elderly and also various programs in which many people can participate must be prepared to secure its public nature. For the local identity, spaces and facilities must be planned to suit the characteristics of the commercial street, district and the city. In other words, by using the space according