밀레니얼-Z세대 다주택자의 주거투자성향에 관한연구

밀레니얼·Z세대 다주택자의 주거 투자 성향을 연구한다.

Considering the Millennial-Z generation in their 20s and 30s who live in modern times, words such as youth, passion, and challenge are also emerging but the view of those who looking at the Millennial-Z generation these days is not so hopeful. They indirectly experienced the difficulties of their parents due to the IMF financial crisis in their youth and they are being pushed into the employment market, which is becoming fierce in the global financial crisis and the global economic crisis caused by COVID- 19.

Millennial-Z generation (born in 1982-2006) is a term referring to the younger generation in their 20s and 30s who live in this modern age and their consumption pattern and movement are completely different from the baby boom generation. Also, because they are becoming the center of future society and have strong influence, the study on the Millennial-Z generation is expected to be an important issue in each field in the future. Millennial-Z generation is suffering from employment difficulties in the economic crisis several times in entering society, and even if they are employed, most of them are irregular workers and are not guaranteed the stability of employment.

They also have a lot of difficulties in the economic sector due to the steep rise in housing cost and living expenses. In order to solve the anxiety about this future, they started to invest in various ways by collecting seed money, and one of them is to increase assets and prepare for unstable future through investment in residential real estate, which is a relatively stable asset. This study examined literature and previous studies on Millennial-Z generation and multi- house owners living in Busan Metropolitan City and surveyed the current status of residential real estate, important factors of choice and propensity in residential real estate investment.

Based on this data, the results of the study on the investment propensity of Millennial-Z generation with multi-housing were summarized as follows. First, the analysis of general status of the Millennial-Z generation with multi-homeowners showed that the office workers were the most in the occupational group and in the total ratio, 56.4% of the respondents with annual income of more than 45 million won accounted for more than half, with less than 300 million won in assets, and many households living together with couples and children.

In addition, the reason why they invest in residential real estate is that the majority of respondents said that they have profit from the market (66.4%), followed by 38.2% of the respondents. Second, the analysis of the current status of housing ownership of Millennial-Z generation with multi-housing showed that 87.3% of the two homeowners were the most, and as mentioned above, 61.8% of the respondents did not have rental income because they want to have market profit and prepare for their old ages.

As a result of multiple responses to the types of real estate they own, 90% of respondents have apartments and the area they own was Busan Metropolitan City with 57.3%, followed by local small and medium cities with 22.7%. And it was found that the higher the age, the higher the proportion of multi-homeowners.

Third, as a result of the average analysis of important optional factors when investing in residential real estate, Investment in economic factors (3.98m), loan regulation (3.9m) in social factors, traffic accessibility (4.08m) in location factors, parking facilities (3.92m) in facility factors, and risk facilities (3.8m) in environmental factors showed high scores in importance within each factor.

Fourth, as a result of analyzing the investment propensity of residential real estate, the investment propensity of millennial-Z generation was most common in risk neutral type (68.6%), they preferred goods value of 100~300 million won and investment of 50~ 100 million won, and the preferred investment target was apartments (84.5%). In addition, the expected annual return is 50 ~ 100%, and it is expected to rise 75.5% from the real estate price increase forecast.

As a result of this study, we understand why Millennial-Z generation is forced to invest in residential real estate, the government should not drive them as real estate speculators, but should implement various deregulation policies so that they can freely invest in the market economy in accordance with the market economy society and should make sure that the real estate price is stabilized by being formed according to the market principle. 현대를 살아가는 20,30대 밀레니얼-Z세대를 바라보면 젊음, 열정, 도전의식등의 단어가 생각나기도 하지만, 요즘 밀레니얼-Z세대를 바라보는 시선들은 그리 희망적이지는 않다. 청소년 시기 IMF 외환위기로 인한 부모세대들의 어려움을 간접적으로 체험했고, 사회에 나와서는 글로벌 금융위기와 코로나 19로 인한 세계적 경제 위기 속에서 치열해지는 고용시장에 내몰리고 있는 실정이다.

밀레니얼-Z세대(1982~2006년생)는 이러한 현시대를 살아가는 20,30대 젊은 세대를 지칭하는 용어로써 이들의 소비패턴과 움직임은 부모세대인 베이비붐세대와는 전혀 다르며, 또한 이들은 미래사회의 중심이 되어가고 있으며, 영향력이 강한 세대이기 때문에 밀레니얼-Z세대에 관한 연구는 앞으로도 각 분야에서 중요한 이슈가 될 것이라 예상된다. 밀레니얼-Z세대는 사회에 진출에 있어 몇 차례 경제위기속에서 취업난을 겪고 있으며, 설령 취업을 했다 하더라도 대부분이 비정규직으로 고용의 안정성을 보장받지 못해 늘 미래에 대한 불안함에 쌓여 생활하고 있다. 또한 가파르게 오르는 주거비용과 생활비등으로 인하여 경제적 부분에서 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 미래에 대한 불안함을 해소 하기위해 이들은 종자돈을 모아서 여러 방법으로 투자를 하기 시작했으며, 그 중 하나로 비교적 안정자산인 주거부동산 투자를 통하여 자산증식 및 불안한 미래의 대비를 하려고 한다. 본 연구는 부산광역시에 거주하는 밀레니얼-Z세대와 다주택자에 대한 문헌자료와선행연구를 살펴보고 이들이 현재 보유중인 주거부동산 현황과, 주거부동산투자시 중요선택요인 및 주거투자성향에 대한 조사하였고, 이를 토대로 밀레니얼-Z세대 다주택자의 주거투자성향에 관한 연구 결과를 다음과 같이 정리하였다.

첫째, 밀레니얼-Z세대 다주택자의 일반적인 현황에 대한 분석결과는 직업군에서는 직장인이 가장많았으며, 전체 비율에서 연소득 4,500만원 이상인 응답자가 56.4%로 과반수 이상을 차지했고, 보유자산은 3억원 이하가 많았으며, 부부와 자녀가 함께 사는 가구가 많았다. 또한 이들이 주거부동산에 투자하는 이유로는 시세차익(66.4%)이라는 응답이 과반수 이상이며, 다음으로 노후대비(38.2%)때문이라는 응답이 뒤를 이었다. 둘째, 밀레니얼-Z세대 다주택자의 주택보유현황에 대한 분석결과는 2주택소유자가 87.3%로 가장 많았으며, 이들이 주거부동산에 투자하는 이유가 위에서 언급한 것과 같이 시세차익 및 노후대비이기 때문에 임대수입 유무 설문에서 61.8%가 임대수입이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 보유부동산 종류에 대한 다중응답결과 응답자의 90%가 아파트를 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들이 보유하고 있는 지역은 부산광역시가 57.3%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 지방중소도시 22.7%로 나타났다. 그리고 나이가 높을수록 다주택자의 비중이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 주거부동산투자시 중요선택요인에 대한 평균분석결과, 경제적 요인에서 투자금(3.98m), 사회적 요인에서 대출규제(3.