도시재생사업을 위한 공공관리제도 기대효과 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

도시재생사업의 공공관리제도 기대효과와 개선방안을 연구했다.

After liberation, South Korea has been became city state through urbanization process with unexpected quantitative growth and growth oriented development policy. And also, economically the Korea was became one of the leading country with the organization’s rotating chairmanship and the host of G20 summit of the world as a result of them. Socially and economically, it transformed many changes quickly, while the city policy and development in environmental and low carbon development policies was involved to city renewal policy.

But, still many of the city and the rural areas and a lot of this project cans exist, in the situation if the sustained development which has with the old development method and system, it will be same trial and experience, and social conflict is will be more deepened. In the city renewal project, there are exist a conflict between stakeholder, uniform urban development to destroy the natural scenery and building only the apartments such as that happens, and low-income and lack of a tenant's measures and the compensation of tenancy in the realization of the lack of such considerations without being practical legal and regulation, the city renewal project is promoting.

The public management system is to be introduced to solve the conflict issues and it was the starting point of such a solution to improve the system for these various issues of the urban renewal project in this situations. In the meantime, some of the poor legal and rule system was legislated and/or enacted, and the public management system by introducing is prepared the flame work of the selection for cooperated partner clearly and fairly.

Also, this system was introduced to increase of the number of the inhabitants for resettlement on their original district after redevelopment in urban with reduce the residence fee and the business fund financing increase through public management service ultimately, and minimizing social and economic waste due to the conflict, inducing a business cost as a reducing the construction period.

First of all, its aspects of the legal and institutional matter by enacting each individual and special law, urban renewal project is proceeded sporadically and individually development in narrow sense, it does not have a sustainable law that failed to configure the system due to prompt and standardized development without mutual interrelation between cross linked legislation. The business range was reduced because the developing business is limited systematically so that government cooperation can be to participate by himself, the ranges of the remaining prompt urban area is designated unclearly then after, inhabitant have got relative disadvantage.

The system is made to be exclusive developer in the urban renewal prompt area for the government corporation and the range of the private participation was limited. Also, the residents has relative disadvantage due to unclear design of the urban renewal promotion area. The promotion committee and union in a project progress were compromised in some transparency on financing reasons from the cooperative parter. On the lack of detailed business plan, it was reckless with illegality and shortcut way to get the agreement from the residents for a business promotion.

The non specific measures such as inhabitant removal plan, full scale feasibility study, and various methods has brought cause of verification of the additional construction charges. And then, the social controversy with the human rights abuse of the inhabitant occurred in the process of demolition. In the aspect of the Stakeholder, Residents's conflict in the lack of public relations and appropriateness of project business were getting worse and worse, and there's opinion were apposed. Business interests such as builder, developer, architects and others is done business activities to get the priority, as a result internal divisions between residents was occurred.

In the matter, lack of transparency of project progress, delay on the progress of the project due to the conflict, the poor of legal and institutional system, moral hazard of the business participates to struggle business priority was caused social and economic suffering to residents in urban renewal area. With this matter, the various reasons are made difficulties of resettlement and a shortage of the housing supply which is based on the economic levels for urban renewal residents.

In order to reestablish and redefine of the effective project, the public management system for activated urban renewal project has been reached its time of historical moment, and the study will be suggested the future improvement scheme for public management system with expected effective analysis through the active public intervention and it will be done as a part of policy for urban renewal project. 해방 이후 비약적인 양적 성장과 더불어 성장위주의 개발정책은 빠른 도시화를 가져와 도시국가 시대를 맞이하였고 경제적으로도 G20 (Great Twenty Country)의 의장국이면서 주최국을 이끌게 된 원동력이 되었다.

이렇게 사회적, 경제적으로 많은 변화가 신속하게 변화하면서 도시개발에 있어서도 친환경과 저탄소의 도시재생 정책을 수반되어 오고 있으나 아직도 도시의 많은 지역이 낙후되어 있고, 개발되어야 할 사업장이 수많이 존재하고 있는 상황에서 과거의 개발 방식과 시스템으로 지속적인 개발을 한다면 동일한 시행착오와 경험을 반복하면서 사회적 갈등은 더욱 심화될 것이다. 아직도 도시재생사업을 추진함에 있어서 이해관계자의 갈등이 존재하고, 획일적인 도시개발로 자연경관의 훼손과 아파트와 같은 공동주택만 건립하는 현상이 발생하고 있고, 저소득층과 세입자의 대책미비, 상가임차자의 보상의 비현실화 등과 같은 현실적 사항에 대하여 법적․제도적으로 완비하지 못한 채 지속적인 사업이 추진되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 현실적 실태와 함께 도시재생사업에 있어서의 각종 문제점에 대한 제도를 정비하기 위하여 공공관리제도가 도입하게 됨에 따라 제반 갈등의 문제점을 해결하는 시발점이 되었다. 그 동안 법적․제도적으로 미비한 내용의 일부를 보완하였고, 공공관리 제도를 도입하여 투명하고 공정하게 추진할 수 있도록 행정적 서비스 지원과 협력업체 선정에 대한 기틀을 마련하였다.

또한 공공지원을 통하여 자금융자를 확대하고 투명한 공개정보관리에 의해 주민이 알아야 할 권리를 제공하여 갈등으로 인한 사회적⋅경제적 낭비를 최소화하고 사업기간을 단축함으로써 사업비 절감을 유도하고 최종적으로는 입주부담금 축소와 더불어 주민의 재정착을 증가시키기 위해 공공관리제도의 도입의 효과성을 기대해 본다. 본 연구에서는 도시재생사업의 문제점 분석을 기반으로 공공관리의 적극적인 개입을 통해 그 역할을 발전시키고 체계화하여 공공의 역할에 대한 기대효과를 분석하고 향후 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 우선적으로 법적․제도적 측면의 문제점은 각 개별법 및 특별법의 제정으로 인하여 도시재생사업은 산발적으로 협의의 개발을 진행하였고, 신속하고 획일적인 외형적 개발을 추진하여 지속가능한 법제의 상호 연계성을 갖지 못한 것이다. 제도적인 측면에서는 공공참여자의 보장을 위해 정부 공사 등이 단독 시행사가 될 수