토지은행의 효율적 재원조달 방안 = The Financial Support Schemes for Land Bank

토지은행의 안정적 운영을 위한 효율적인 재원조달 방안을 연구했다.

The Land Bank System introduced in 2009 has been in difficulties with funding shortages from the very beginning of the system. The objective of this study is to find out the financial support plan for the stabilized settlement of the Land Bank System by searching various financial support methods through domestic and foreign case studies and reviewing and analyzing effective financial strategy model suggested in the study with the survey of the experts.

The first research methodology adopted in this study is documentary and data survey; conducting a research on the previous cases of financing Land Bank both in and out of Korea and considering problems in financing the Land Bank surveying and analyzing current state of the land reserved in the Land Bank. The study adopted AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) with an actual analysis as a second methodology to establish a financial strategy model for the Land Bank in order to analyze the relative importance of individual financing means by conducting the survey of the experts with the pairwise comparison of each means. The outcome of this study can be summarized as the following.

First, in domestic cases, the Land Bank Systems taken by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, JDC (Jeju Free International City Development Center) and LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) are inactive because of the shortage of financial resources and have no financial support from the central government. However, the Farmland Bank of Korea is running based on the FMF(Farmland Management Fund), which consists of government funding, loan from the special account, government contribution etc.

Whereas, in overseas cases, diverse financial support plans of the central government, such as the establishment of funds or special accounts, the treasury loan from government and the imposition of new taxes show that a lot of foreign governments have strong will to support the Land Bank policy. Second, the Land Bank acquired only 623.7 billion KRW worth of public land (20.6% against originally planned) failing to acquire 3.0248 trillion KRW worth of land for the last 3 years since the establishment of the Land Bank in 2009.

The reason for this inactiveness of the Land Bank was due to the shortage of the bond issued, the sole funding means to acquire public land for the Land Bank, caused by the worsened financial status of LH, the operation agency of the Land Bank. Other funding means stated in the Land Bank Act turned out to be ineffective, considering the financial status of LH, immaturity of the system and government’s financial difficulties.

Third, according to the analysis from the Land Bank's financial strategy model using the AHP method, experts are found to be thinking that the financial support of the central government (Criterion 1) and the tax benefits (Criterion 3), such as the establishments of Land Bank Fund, tax cut, introduction of special tax, etc., are most important to the effective financial support plan for the Land Bank at the initial stage of the Land Bank system. And they thought that the utilization of acquired public lands (Criterion 2), such as developing, leasing and selling of them, is also important.

Unlike this, the utilization of private fund (Criterion 4) turned out to be not feasible under the economic downturn. However, experts regarded that the issue of the Land Bank Bond and the government guarantee for the Land Bank Bond, although both of them are included in Criterion 4, are important. Forth, based on the outcomes stated in the above, this study suggests the highly important funding means, such as the establishment of the Land Bank Fund(including the introduction of Special Tax), the in-kind contribution of national land, tax cut, the government guarantee for the Land Bank Bond, as the stabilized financial support plan for the Land Bank.

Also, this study suggests the other ways of little importance to use ‘Metropolitan and Regional Development Special Account’ and ‘National Housing Fund’ as a possible assistance option of central government as of today. * Key words: Land Bank, Financial Support Scheme, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), Financial Strategy Model

제1장 서 론 1 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 제2절 연구의 방법 및 범위 3 제3절 선행연구 검토 7 1. 선행연구 7 2. 선행연구와의 차이점 15 제2장 토지은행제도의 이론적 고찰 17 제1절 토지은행의 개념 및 유형 17 1. 토지은행의 개념 17 2. 토지은행의 유형 21 제2절 토지은행의 도입배경과 필요성 24 1. 토지은행의 도입배경 24 2. 토지은행의 필요성 27 제3절 토지은행 체계 및 운영구조 36 1. 토지은행 법제도 체계 36 2. 토지은행 운영구조 38 제3장 토지은행의 재원조달사례 및 문제점 46 제1절 국내의 토지은행제도 46 1. 제주특별자치도 46 2. 제주국제자유도시개발센터(JDC) 53 3. 한국토지주택공사(LH) 57 4. 농지은행 63 제2절 외국의 토지은행제도 68 1. 프랑스 70 2. 스웨덴 76 3. 일본 80 4. 영국 84 5. 미국 87 6. 외국사례의 비교 및 시사점 90 제3절 토지은행의 재원조달 현황 및 문제점 96 1. 토지비축법상 토지은행의 재원조달 96 2. 토지은행의 재원조달 계획 및 비축 현황 98 3. 토지은행 재원조달의 문제점 103 제4장 재원조달방안 모형구축 및 분석결과 107 제1절 토지은행 재원조달방안 모형의 구축 107 1. AHP(계층분석방법) 107 2. 토지은행 재원조달방안 모형의 구축 109 제2절 재원조달방안 모형의 분석결과 113 1. 대분류 항목의 중요도 113 2. 세부항목의 중요도 114 3. 세부항목의 영향값 118 제3절 분석결과 종합 119 제5장 토지은행의 안정적인 재원조달방안 121 제1절 제도 개선방안