開發制限區域의 效率的 管理를 위한 地方自治團體 役割 强化方案 硏究

개발제한구역의 효율적 관리를 위한 지방자치단체 역할 강화 방안을 제시했다.

Almost thirty years have passed since the first greenbelts were designated around major cities in Korea. Greenbelts have played an important role in restricting urban sprawl, but also have some intrinsic problems. One of the problems about greenbelt is that local governments have played few roles in designing and managing greenbelts. The aim of this study is to suggest some ways to strengthen the role of local governments for effective management of greenbelts. For that purpose, I reviewed theoretical backgrounds of greenbelt, examined problems of greenbelts in Korea, and proposed several ways for improving roles of local governments.

The concept of greenbelt was mainly developed in England as a way to solve urban environmental problems caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The main purposes of greenbelt are 1) to limit urban sprawl, 2) to preserve natural environments around cities, 3) and supply citizens places for recreation. Not only United Kingdom but also many countries including Korea have adopted greenbelts or similar policies. In Korea, greenbelts have been designated around many large and medium-sized cities and it amounts to 5.4% of land territory. There have been many problems in designation, management, and utilization of greenbelt.

Because the central government has kept an almighty power, local governments have been able to do little in designating and managing greenbelt. Therefore, greenbelts have become unproductive lands and been criticized by native residents. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, roles of local governments must be strengthened for effective management of greenbelts. Roles of local governments can be categorized into three: a mediator between the central government and native residents, a developer of greenbelts within their jurisdictions, and, ideally, an owner of lands in greenbelts for permanent maintenance.

The role fo mediator is important in lowering the complaint related to greenbelts from residents because local governments have more knowledges about the local situation and environments. Transfer of powers related to decision-making about greenbelts to local government should follow for the proper role as mediators. The role as developer is done through the involvement of local governments in the developement of the lands in greenbelts. The role of an owner of land can be provided through the purchase of land by local governments. Although there are problems of the source of finance this is very effective in the long run.

Second, laws and policies must be revised and adjusted for stronger roles of local governments. A "Greenbelt Act" has been set up in 1999 as an independent and separate law. Under the new Act local governments and residents can participate in the management of greenbelts more easily than last time. And many rights of the central government related to greenbelts should be transferred to local governments for greenbelt management. Under the new Act the management plan should be set up under the auspieces of the presidents of Provinces or metropolitan Cities. Especially, I suggest "total amount regulation of greenbelt by local government" as a way of control of the local governments' will.

Finally, new system is required to protect property rights of native residents of greenbelts. There are many ways that the government can protect or subsidize the property of residents, which can be grouped into three categories. New Act has set the governments' purchase of land upon the request of residents. The government can provide support to villages as a plan of village remoulding project.