통일 독일의 사례로 본 남북한 경제통합 방안 = A Study on economic integration of north-south Korea through the revision of German unification in 1990

통일 독일 사례를 바탕으로 남북한 경제통합 방안을 연구했다.

Since the end of world war two, both Korea are suffering from divisions which causes intense military confrontation and competition which includes several military skirmish incidents with some considerable level of casualties. However some 60 years have passed since the world war two and Korean war; now one side of this division wants to have new paradigm for the possibilities of unification Last year(2010) south Korean independent day, South Korean president Lee Myoung Pak made a speech about possibility of establishing 'unification tax' as a part of preparing heavy costs which could follow during the process of unification.

this suggestion somehow broke the dreams of south Koreans that the unification could be an instant occurrence, instead the speech gave impression to the Korean that in reality the unification could be long and difficult path, and expensive process hence the popular reaction on president's suggestion was negative. Since the period of Adam Smith, economic integration has been suggested and discussed by many economists, particularly after world war two the theory of economic integration has been set and somewhat become reality in some part of the world. most popular, perhaps most widely used economic integration theory would be 'classical economic integration theory'.

it suggests that the market economic nations would compete, create inter dependency based on free economic activities, thereby form a regional economic integration environment where distribute resources appropriately. yet it is difficult theory to apply for many part of world, surely in case of Korean peninsular where economic disparity between north and South is extreme, this theory is simply inapplicable. And therefore by using more appropriate approach there are two categories has been created for such case, which are "radical" "gradual" process of economic integration theory.

Many countries that had similar circumstance to Korea have tried either radical or gradual process of economic integration or have tried both, and very few of them have made formidable success through it. nevertheless If one looks previous cases of economic integration during unification process, one could look German case which is closest similar case to Korea.

In case of Germany by utilizing west Germany's economic strength, it had tried economic integration through variety policy measures such as currency integration with equal ratio, extension of west German social welfare system to the east, introduction of ownership through "German trust administration agency", and raising unification fund through unification tax. although both side of germany were advanced nations in its own political system during the cold war period; due to uncertainty of this new environment which caused mass unemployment, high welfare cost, rapid increase of currency circulation, enormous cost of unification has been spent.

This german experience gave grim memories to many Koreans who have witnessed it throughout 1990s. because of such difference between both Koreas economic system, and economic hardships that hit north Korea in the 1990s which caused collapse of existing planning based economic system and uncertainty of north Korean economy afterwards, German model of unification has left impression to south Koreans that pouring money on to poor brother based on economic superiority may burden its own economy. Therefore the possible economic integration of both korea could consider the option of the gradual model, where economic, political integrate occurs in a rather steady pace.

Economic exchange between both Koreas would ensure the gradual model to work to a level where it would prevent rapid collapse of north Korea, tool for the maintain peace in the peninsular, and therefore it is the duty of government that it would persuade its people with consistency, and both korea should remove barriers for private led economic exchanges also maximize its support on it. Of course the obvious problem with low level of economic exchanges within private sector is mainly due to political, policy uncertainty, nevertheless what needs to be done now is that to ensure the safety of investment on North Korea.

Past policy of inconsistency have made impression that the investment into North Korea is unsafe, no guarantee of return the investment money. such environment cannot last long, in fact it has to change from investment without safety to investment with certain safety, by then, the large sized enterprises would feel safe to invest into North Korea, hence it would be a starting point of positive cycle of North Korean economy.

제 1 장 서 론 = 1 제 1 절 연구의 목적 = 1 제 2 절 연구의 범위 및 방법 = 3 1. 연구의 범위 = 3 2. 연구의 방법 = 3 제 2 장 경제통합 이론 = 5 제 1 절 경제통합 개념과 조건 = 5 제 2 절 경제통합 유형과 단계 = 9 제 3 절 분단국의 경제통합 유형화 = 15 1. 급진형 경제통합 = 16 2. 점진형 경제통합 = 18 3. 복합형 경제통합 = 20 제 3 장 독일의 경제통합 실태와 문제점 = 23 제 1 절 독일의 경제통합 과정 = 23 제 2 절 독일의 경제통합 정책 = 29 제 3 절 독일의 경제통합 문제점 = 37 1. 화폐통합 = 37 2. 사유재산제도 및 민영화 = 39 3. 실업 및 사회보장제도 = 42 4. 통일비용 = 45 제 4 장 남북한 경제통합 방안 = 49 제 1 절 남북한 경제 상황 = 49 1. 북한 경제체제의 특성과 현황 = 49 2. 남북한 경제실태 비교 = 58 3. 남북한 경제통합 유형 구상 = 62 제 2 절 남북한 경제통합 방안 = 67 1. 화폐통합 = 67 2. 사유재산제도 = 71 3. 고용 및 임금정책 = 76 4. 통일비용 = 80 제 3 절 남북한 경제 교류협력 활성화 노력 = 86 제 5 장 결 론 = 90 참고문헌 = 94 ABSTRACT = 100