부동산 투기억제 정책으로서 양도소득세제의 개선방안

부동산 투기억제 정책으로서 양도소득세제의 개선방안을 연구했다.

The purposes of this study are to raise several points of transfer income tax system and to seek to improve them by analyzing the current situation of transfer income tax system in Korea and reviewing the affects of it on real estate price. For this, the transfer income tax system was considered theoretically and the system in Korea reviewed in this study. In addition, I have raised some points of transfer income tax system in Korea and to seek to improve them by reviewing the preceding researches about the affects on real-estate price.

The transfer income tax system in Korea includes the following problems: First, a heavier tax burden on multiple homeowners has a lot of artificial standards and is not likely to be easy for fulfillment in spite of exceptions and grace period. It is not easy to distinguish temporary multi homeowners according to the exemption criteria such as movement, marriage, reunification of families for supporting parents, inheritance, etc. A heavier tax burden on multiple homeowners is expected to result in freezing and contraction of housing markets. And higher taxes along with a new property tax will bring the contraction of housing transaction.

Second, the transfer income tax system has caused not only lock-in effect but also tax shift due to more complicated and higher tax structure than others. Third, the tax reduction and exemption system, which includes many disobedience cases and obstruct taxation fairness due to its complicity, is used as a means of tax evasion and avoidance. Fourth, excessive benefits on taxation for long-term assets cause lock-in effect and prevent efficient usage of land. Besides, it is against the fundamental rule of taxation to impose tax amount depending on the volume of tax revenue.

Fifth, the operation of tax exemption for single homeowner encourages dealers in preparation of double contracts and retards the equity principle of taxation. It is also blocking a new property tax. The transfer income tax system, therefore, shall be improved to attain the original purposes to realize fair taxation and income distribution and to block real-estate speculation for efficient usage of land. I have presented the following countermeasures in this study: First, it is necessary to rethink of multi homeowners and lessen heavy tax.

In order to increase the diffusion ratio of house by 120%, sound investment is necessary and rental houses of multi homeowners shall be sufficient, considering the lack of public rental housing in Korea. It is advisable to lessen heavy tax for multi homeowner a composite property tax is not applied to. Second, the determination of transfer gain shall be changed into the real market price, tax exemption cases reduced and tax rates cut drastically. For speculative transaction, however, higher tax rates shall be applied.

Third, prior to abolishing the tax exemption system, some items with a possibility of reduction from the aspect of tax equity shall be reduced first, If inevitable reasons other than tax exemption are admitted, however, it is advisory to execute it within the specified range. Fourth, since the indiscriminate special tax exemption system for long-term assets prevent efficient usage of land, it shall be abolished or the standard for occasional application shall be prepared. Fifth, the tax exemption system for single homeowner has produced various side effects including real estate speculation, large and luxury houses, etc.

Especially as far as the tax exemption system for single homeowner is maintained, it is judged that the new property tax will not be able to be executed. If the seller is a single homeowner, he or she needs not report the real price because the transfer income tax is exempted. If the buyer possesses another house, he or she can be exempt from the transfer income tax through double contracts. In this case, the real market price cannot be investigated. Therefore, the tax exemption system for single homeowner shall be abolished. For stabilization of livelihood of plain people, however, income deduction and tax credit system shall be expanded.

As mentioned above, the problems and the countermeasures of the current transfer income tax system have been reviewed to prevent real estate speculation. In order to maintain the equity and neutrality of taxation and control real estate speculation, the tax on transfer gain shall be imposed actually. In addition, a consistent policy for the transfer income tax system shall be established to attain the policy goal of efficient usage of land.