한국과 일본의 철도역 비교분석을 통한 우리나라 민자역사 사업의 발전방안 실증연구

한일 비교를 통해 민자역사 사업의 발전 방안을 분석했다.

An Empirical Study on the Development Plan of Korea’s Private Railway Station Projects through Comparative Analysis of Korea-Japan ailway Station Since the 1980's, the demand for the use of railway stations which are representative public places in the city, has rapidly increased again. Following to that, the necessity of improving the quality of stations like convenience, stability, diversity of services, etc. has been issued and placed in the situation of providing investment resources to modernize railway stations and improve convenience services fullfilling to the various needs of users. However it has become increasingly difficult due to limited national financial resourses.

As the results, it has been falling behind as well as restraining urban aesthetics by a lack of improvement of railway station facities and unsatisfying its surrounding maintenance. To solve this problem, the Korea Railroad Administration ( National Railrad Corporation) adopt to a new private sector project method in which the private sector develops railway stations by attracting private capital, rather than directly developing facilities. As a result of this project, many private areas such as Seoul Station, Yeongdeungpo Station, and Dong-Incheon Station have been built as a private sector project since 1989.

However, the business structure of donating public facilities to the state and able to collect the invested funds through the operation of commercial facilities followed by developed to the public facilities (railway station facilities, etc.) and commercial facilities though private capital on national railway site, is in the result of numerous critical issues including lack of publicity and preferential treatment have been continuously reported and discussed in various studies. Nevertheless, there is no remarkable alternative solutions presented to date.

Since 2018, both cases of expired lease permits (Seoul Station, Dong-Incheon Station, Yeongdeungpo Station) as well as operational deterioration caused by private operators' bankrupcies (Dong-Incheon Station, Sinchon Station, Gumi Station, etc.) have been occuring frequently. Such operational deterioration issues may lead to a halt in project commence due to the absence of private operators who are willing to invest in long-term development. Therefore, further similar perspective research may meaningless. On the other hand, Japan in which has a similar form of railroad history to Korea, is currently recognized as one of the leading railway nations in globe.

Therefore, there is a fundamental need to examine why Japan's railway development is thriving while Korea seems to face challenges. This study aims to analyze the current state and issues of private railway development in Korea, compare it with Kyoto Station and Osaka Station in Japan, and propose the way of improvement and development measures for Korea's private railway sector. The analysis of this study was conducted by reviewing previous studies, field surveys to be analyzed in Korea and Japan, and expert group surveys, and according to the results, 8 improvements and 9 development plans were derived. The results are as follows. Eight Improvements 1.

A lack of symbolism or insufficient landscape planning for private railway stations 2. Inadequate utilization of front squares for each station 3. Insufficient rest areas within public facilities 4. Inconvenient pedestrian paths connecting areas sparated by railways 5. Congestion and complexity during movement due to the mingling of public and private domains. 6. Excessive length and lack of rationality in the pathways for users 7. Overly standardized commercial facility purposes 8. Inconvenience of movement due to commercial facilities encroaching on public pedestrian spaces Nine Developments 1.

A clear seperation of pathways focusing on users for private and public facilities, along with convenient pedestrian planning 2. Improvement of public transportation infrastructure (convenient intermodal transportation, such as bus transfer centers) 3. Planning public resting spaces like squares and parks tailored to users for each station 4. Enhanscement of symbolism for private railway stations 5. Strengthening the appropriateness verification process for selecting locations for private railway stations 6. Diverse pedestrian planning to address regional disconnection 7. Harmonious and distinctive landscape planning (landmarks) with surrounding areas 8.

Strengthening the appropriateness verification process for selecting private operators 9. Minimizing the provision of additional parking spaces to prioritize pedestrian centered design. However, through the above conclustions, it was confirmed that the elements identified in this study (absence of symbolism and aesthetics in stations, inadequate use of front squares, lack of rest spaces, irrational pedestrian pathways, insufficient connection between areas separated by railways, etc.) align with the perspective of the lack of publicity and the coexistence of public and private interests, as seen in previous research were all in similar with.

Ultimately, the current issues in private railway projects is concluded that whether securing publicity or ensuring private profitability is more crucial is not the primary concern. Therefore, this study, by comprehensively analyzing previous research and going beyond simple issue solution, holds significance in suggesting the necessity and direction of establishing a master planning.

The reason is that if public institutions had a comprehensive plan for each private railway projects, including the establishment of a pedestrian-centered pathway system, consideration of the unique symbolism and aesthetics of each station, improvement of public transportation infrastructure, diverse spatial planning for squares and parks, and connectivity between areas separated by railways, the selection of private operators would have been different from the current state of private rai