서울시 소공원 문제점 분석 및 제도 개선방안 연구

서울시 소공원의 문제점을 분석하고 제도 개선 방안을 제시했다.

Small parks are generally small area parks and are classified as residential parks along with children's parks and neighborhood parks. There is no limit to the size of small parks, but the installation of park facilities is limited to less than 20% of the park site area. The largest facility rate limit was applied to the smallest park to secure green space. Small parks are small and easy to designate, so they can be installed in various areas for various purposes. However, the facility area is small and the facilities that can be introduced are limited, so there are limits to the creation of the park.

Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of small parks in Seoul and collect opinions from related experts to contribute to the creation of new small parks in the future. There are a total of 431 small parks decided by Seoul City in January 2022, of which 274 have been completed. The average area of the completed small parks is 1,316.06㎡, which is smaller than the minimum area standard for children's parks of 1,500㎡. Among the parks that have completed construction, 194 parks are less than 1,500㎡, the minimum area standard for children's parks, accounting for 71% of the total number of small parks.

Looking at the current park decision trend, the total park area and the area of living area parks including small parks nationwide continue to decrease, but the determined area and number of small parks have continued to increase since 2006, with a shift from park green space to small parks. It is expected that its importance will increase. In this study, among the 274 small parks that have been completed in Seoul as of 2022, 40 were selected according to area distribution to investigate the construction outline and installation status, and for 11 places where park construction plans were announced, the park construction plan and installation status were analyzed.

As a result, the impact of park creation standards and park creation entities on park creation was identified. Based on the problems identified in the field survey, the adequacy and improvement plan of small park development standards, problems and improvement measures according to the development conditions of small parks mainly created through donations, and the desirable form of small parks were set as research questions and interviews with experts were conducted. Twelve experts were selected, consisting of Seoul city government officials, members of the Seoul City Park Committee, and planners with extensive work experience related to small parks in Seoul.

The problems and improvement measures of small parks identified through field surveys and interviews are as follows. First, the problems and improvement measures according to the small park construction standards. As a result of the on-site inspection, we were able to confirm cases where necessary facilities were not properly installed in small parks due to limitations in facility ratio, or where facilities that could not be installed were installed.

In addition, although differentiated demand for facilities is expected according to various surrounding conditions, it was confirmed that locational conditions were not sufficiently reflected in park creation due to restrictions in park development standards. The opinion of experts on the standards for small park construction is that the current facility rate of 20% is a very low standard that makes it difficult to install facilities other than the circulation line, and because there are cases where expedients are taken to install facilities, realistic improvement in the facility rate is necessary.

In addition, there was an opinion that it was difficult to apply the introduced facilities because the facility classification under the Act on Urban Parks and Green Spaces was ambiguous. Second, the installation status and improvement plan due to the small park construction conditions. Regarding the status of small parks in Seoul, 32 of the 40 small parks surveyed were created by the private sector. Because it was mainly built adjacent to the apartment complex that was being developed, there was a tendency to privatize the park, with the park acting as a passageway to the apartment complex.

In interviews with experts, it was pointed out that small parks are mainly developed by the private sector, so the public nature of parks is lacking. As there were cases where useless land at a project site was decided to become a park, there were opinions that the landscaping sector should participate more actively in urban planning decisions or that the expertise and public nature of the committee should be strengthened. In addition, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of design and construction as a project developed by the private sector, and the private opinions of the cooperative may be reflected in the park plan, resulting in the park being created in a closed or passive manner.

To this end, there was an opinion that active public intervention was necessary in the overall process of park creation, and that the participation of proven designers such as public landscape architects was necessary to improve the quality of the design. Furthermore, there was an opinion that institutional improvement is needed so that when collecting donations, parks can be created in underprivileged areas rather than in business sites where green space is abundant in quality and quantity.

Considering the fact that small parks are mainly created by the private sector, it is necessary to improve the park decision system and prepare more specific development standards by reflecting various conditions to ensure the public nature of the park's location and form. Key words: park development plan, facility rate, green space, donation acceptance 소공원은 일반적으로 규모가 작은 공원으로 어린이공원, 근린공원과 함께 생활권공원으로 분류된다. 소공원은 규모에 제한이 없지만 공원시설 부지면적을 공원부지면적의 20% 이내로 설치하도록 제한하였다. 규모가 가장 작은 공원에 가장 큰 시설률의 제한을 적용 하여 녹지를 확보하도록 한 것이다. 소공원은 작은 규모로 지정이 용이하여 다양한 지역에 다양한 목적으로 설치할 수 있다. 하지만