농지개혁 진행과정과 정부,지주,농민의 입장 -경기도 광주군 남종면 사례를 중심으로 = A Case Study on Responses of Peasants, Landlords and Korea Government to Land Reform in South Korea

광주군 남종면 사례를 통해 농지개혁 과정과 정부·지주·농민의 입장을 분석한다.

Namjong-myeon, 70% of its population was agricultural household, was a typical rural area. The share of dry fields in arable lands was about 60%. The amounts of distributed lands in Namjong-myeon at June, 1961 were 1,059 plots of land, 125.1 jeongbo(1 jeongbo=0.992ha), and the amounts of rice repayment were 3,599 seok(1 seok=80kg). The proportion of land-receiving agricultural households in the whole agricultural households was 76%, the 70% of land-receiving agricultural households was small-peasant group whose landownership was under 1 jeongbo. In spite of Korean Land Reform, the economic condition of small peasants was not improved immediately due to the small distribution.

Although the actual process of Korean Land Reform was not implemented along with the time schedule of government, the core idea of ``Land Reform Act``, land- to- the-tiller and maximum 3 jeongbo system, did not changed. However, peasants kept passive attitude to repayment, and they kept more passive attitude to landownership transfer register. This passive attitude did not come from the resistance to land reform, but from the peasants` mass psychology that they already got landownership substantially. The performance of indemnities for land-distributed landlords was lower than that of repayment.

Because of the delayed payment of indemnities and inflation after Korean War, land-distributed landlords were also passive attitude to receiving their indemnities.