한말 명례궁장토의 운영과 국가의 소유권 정리 = 충청남도 아산군 이서면 우평 명례궁장토를 중심으로

한말 명례궁장토의 운영과 국가의 토지 소유권 정리를 살펴본다.

This paper deals with the arrangement of Myeongrye-Royal Lands in Late Joseon and the Late Great Han Empire. The Royal Lands are royal"s important finance. This lands are divided into two types, a tax-free land and a non tax-exempt land. A tax-exempt lands are two types which are the first type of land and the second type of land. In case of the second type of land, civilians could hold title to the new land by investing money and labor. Among the second type of royal lands which did not have clear ownership, also there are two types. In second type of land with ownership there were rough rice 100 dus(斗) type and rough rice 200 dus (斗) type.

The rough rice 100 dus type was almost equal to private lands. In case of Woopyeong Myeongrye-Royal Lands in Asan-gun is the rough rice 100 dus type. Through harvest record and Gwangmu Terrier(光武量案) we understand that Myeongrye-Royal Lands had feature and the aspects of the change. In 1892, royal levied 1/2 tallage on here. It changed from Gab-o Reform to Gwangmu inspection. Woopyeong Myeongrye-Royal Land had to face the crisis of nationalization when the government of the Great Han Empire aggressively carried forward the policy of expanding national land.

But it came to be registered in the Gwangmu Terrier and its civilian holders, accepted as virtual owners, officially acquired the private ownership. The original level of taxaion also was maintained without any change. The middle-owner in Woopyeong Myeongrye-Royal Lands on Gwangmu Terrier is evidence. At the Woopyeong Myeongrye-Royal Land, the middle-owner was recognized virtual real owner. Especially, the Great Han Empire tried to protect traditional right and relationship. Therefore, cultivation rihgts were considered as customary real rights. Cultivators paid the rent to authorities and paid land taxes to the Ministry of Finance. They paid two taxes in one land unit.

The case of Woopyeong Myeongrye-Royal Land was no exception. The rent that rough rice 100 dus were included in two taxes in Myeongrye-Royal Land. The Myeongrye-Royal Land was recognized as private land of middle-owner. Also, to protect cultivator"s right investigated real cultivators. However, due to the relation of the land to government organizations, it was difficult for the lands to be recognized as private lands during the process of the Japanese land investigation. More research is needed to know the Great Han Empire"s land-ownership.

〈국문초록〉 1. 머리말 2. 우평 명례궁장토의 형성과 운영 3. 갑오ㆍ광무년간의 공토정책과 명례궁장토의 토지권 정리 4. 맺음말 참고문헌 〈Abstract〉