계획고권의 실질화를 위한 주민참여 활성화에 관한 연구

우리나라 국토이용의 효율화 방안을 연구했다.

It has been accelerated the influx of population for the city for the past 50 years in Korea. So thinking city as settlement means now the people's lives now. But this process caused the lack of urban facilities. The large development on the commercial land use was started for expanding the lack of urban facilities. Development means growth in process of urban development. Many development plans beyond citizen practice was established and executed considering the large development is the only solution to the housing problem. But because urban development produce much changed in spatially or socioeconomically, that review, gathering public opinion, planning, deliberating and approval, etc.

was followed the regular procedure. A city planner thinks highly of a total amount of housing provision in the expansive urban planning. A policy maker is more concerned with the production of the real estate product than the history of a region, the cultural asset in urban planning. That the old house that inhabited by lower-income group has been torn down and will be replaced by luxury apartment buildings is common. Urban planning makes “island of development” that surrounding separated. So they examine the business potential not by regional development or welfare but by property value. Eventually, citizen participation had been neglected in urban planning process.

Citizen’s requirement or region characteristics have been not recognized as an important factor in urban planning. That is the key component of the urban planning system consider how fast is the pace of urban planning and how many houses are built. Regional assets, environment, history and culture is completely disregarded and looked down upon. Value of democracy, for example citizen rights and participation and social value, for example fairness and balanced regional development generally considered obstacles in urban planning. Urban planning was not a joint decision, it is unilateral decision by nation. Urban planning system so far does not make citizen want and wish.

Urban planning system so far have been quite emphatic about the unity and the continuity, but neglected the thickness, the diversity and the responsibility on local self-government. Many urban planners believed that procedure that must be followed to ensure full compliance with the law is simply holding public hearing. The public hearing or the general public for inspection is no more than a formality. Urban planning in Korea is a downward urban planning that establis hed by nation and executed by local self-government, so upward urban planning was not forthcoming. Is there acquiesce way in citizen's opinion in urban planning? We must adopt a new urban planning strategy.

That hearing and accepting citizen’s speak is not the government's apparent surrender to demands made by a local resident. We assess that procedural democracy be completed because mayor or member of a city council be elected by voting. But democracy in urban planning system is still in its infancy. Nation gives many urban planning rights to local government. But many urban planning are not local but state-centric in substance. Process that collect various citizen’s opinions is little more than a formality to take legitimacy of planning. It's ironic that citizen can’t decide how manage area that they live and passive in urban planning. J.

Harbermas, a German philosopher, said that the collaborative decision making is a key way to realize deliberate democracy and the collaboration of participants in communicative deliberation can in ideal speech situation. OECD emphasized ‘Citizens as Partners’ that citizen not as object to policy but citizen as partner. Citizen would be not the object of city but the owner of city. To achieve this, local government gives much substantive urban planning authority. In UK, Statement of Community Involvement(SCI) that way to citizen participation was enacted. Citizen can give information for urban planning through planning portal system.

In the United States zoning system used in urban planning, unlike urban planning system Germany, japan, Korea. So citizen participation is in urban planning relatively easy. New York citizen state each view in community boarding. Through discussion, community boarding decided citizen’s view to new urban plan. Since World War II and the rapid economic development in japan, participation to urban planning is being the major legal and social issue. So many community building ordinance to community participation have been enacted. It be highly estimated that the Cheongju City Master Plan on Citizen Participation in Urban Planning is good case in Korea.

A unilateral decision to urban planning will be braked down. And to expand and actualize to citizen participation planning authority will be readjust. Urban planning power between a local government and a local council must be distributed and rearranged. Fostering the expert to supporting citizen participation and assembly in rural inhabitants is considered. The Seoul government enacted Seoul community building supporting ordinance in 2012. Community building ordinance must be able to clearly define its objectives. And ordinance is in harmony with city planning law.

Expert training program and law-related education will be reinforced to strengthen citizen capabilities to adjusting and arguments between citizen and achieving consensus. Through these reformation methods, the activation of citizen participation will make the realization of the right on urban plan