국립공원지역 주민의 환경 침해에 대한 방지 방안 연구 : 가야산국립공원 지역을 중심으로 = (A) study on preventive measures against environmental destruction by residents in national park area

가야산 국립공원 주민의 환경 훼손 방지와 재산권 제한을 다뤘다.

The purpose of this study is to prepare preventive measures against environmental destruction by residents in national park area. Specific research questions to achieve the goal of the study are as follows; 1. Review the national park system. 2. Analyze present situations of natural environment destruction by residents in national park area, focusing on Gayasan National Park area. 3. Discuss possibility of limiting property rights for the preservation of the environment from the viewpoint of the sustainable development. 4. Propose preventive measures against environmental destruction in national park area. Literature research was employed in this study.

More specifically, centering on the Constitution, respective environmental laws, and Natural Park Act, related books, academic papers, and research reports were analyzed. Results of this study are as in the following; First, concerning the directions of national park system and the operation, it is more likely to use national parks for human beings, with higher priority placed on preservation than use and direct toward the areas which is possible to use on the condition of preservation as a protection area.

Second, as far as present situations of natural environment destruction by residents in Gayasan National Park area were concerned, there was a great deal of private land in the part, farming and commercial activities of residents within and in the neighborhoods of the park caused contamination to increase, old buildings in the park spoiled the beauty of the park, and development driven by the interests of the local government accelerated the environmental destruction of the national park. Third, since the exertion of property rights is possible only in the context of controlled growth under the principle of sustainable development underlying the Environmental Law, preservation of national park environment is included in the scope of social constraints over the exertion of property rights and can function as a limit to the exertion of property rights.

Since limiting the exertion of property rights destroying the environment of national park is not to infringe the nature of property rights, but to constraint the method to exert such rights, it does not violate the principle of proportionality. In addition, although any expenses are arising out of the changes in the method to exert property rights due to limitation of exertion of property rights, loss compensation is not raised, as it does not make private utilization and possibility of disposal of property rights void.

Fourth, as preventive measures against the environmental destruction of national park, it is suggested ① to re-adjust reasons for changes of national park zones, ② to implement judiciary police official system for national parks, ③ to conduct environmental destruction inspection and unify related laws and regulation, and ④ to strengthen criteria for activity permission under the Natural Park Act. Once environmental destruction of national park occurs, restoration is impossible in most cases, and if possible, enormous time and money are required to restore.

Therefore, under the principle of preservation based on sustainable development, all possible measures should be positively introduced to make efforts to preserve the environment in national parks, which are assets for Koreans and further for all the people in the world.

제 1 장 서 론 1 제 1 절 연구의 목적 1 제 2 절 용어의 정의 및 연구의 제한과 방법 7 Ⅰ. 용어의 정의 및 연구의 제한 7 Ⅱ. 연구의 방법 7 제 2 장 국립공원 제도 9 제 1 절 국립공원의 개념 9 Ⅰ. 국립공원의 이념 9 Ⅱ. 국립공원의 정의 10 제 2 절 국립공원의 연혁 13 Ⅰ. 국립공원 지정 연혁 13 1. 국립공원 지정을 위한 검토 13 2. 공원법 제정 이후의 국립공원 지정 연혁 15 Ⅱ. 국립공원 관리행정의 연혁 17 1. 국립공원 근거 법령의 연혁 17 2. 국립공원 관리행정의 연혁 18 제 3 절 국립공원의 유형 및 지정기준 21 Ⅰ. 국립공원의 유형 21 1. 국립공원의 유형에 대한 국제적 기준 21 2. 한국 국립공원의 유형 23 Ⅱ. 국립공원 지정기준 24 제 4 절 국립공원의 일반현황 및 관리실태 27 Ⅰ. 국립공원의 일반 현황 27 1. 국립공원별 면적 27 2. 국립공원지역 토지소유 및 주민 28 3. 국립공원지역 자연자원 29 4. 국립공원 용도지구 30 Ⅱ. 국립공원의 관리 실태 33 제 3 장 국립공원지역 주민에 의한 자연환경침해 실태 35 제 1 절 자연환경보전의 필요성 35 제 2 절 가야산국립공원지역 주민에 의한 환경침해 실태 36 Ⅰ. 가야산국립공원의 일반현황 36 1. 가야산국립공원의 개요 36 2. 가야산국립공원의 면적 및 토지소유 현황 38 3. 가야산국립공원지역 주민 현황 39 Ⅱ. 가야산국립공원의 자연자원 현황 40 1. 식물자원 40 2. 동물자원 41 Ⅲ. 가야산국립공원의 용도지구별 현황 42 1. 공원자연보존지구 43 2. 공원자연환경지