역사문화콘텐츠를 활용한 도시재생이 주민참여와 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 인천 개항장 문화지구 중심으로

인천 개항장 문화지구의 도시재생이 주민참여와 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석했다.

This study analyzes the mediating effects of economic factors and the moderating roles of the demographic characteristics of local residents on the impacts of the physical and cultural factors of urban regeneration based on historical and cultural content on local competitiveness and the quality of life of residence. By examining the perceptions of the residence of urban regeneration neglected in previous projects, the study proposes a direction of effective urban regeneration project policies to secure local competitiveness, increase the life satisfaction of residence, promote their participation, and provide ground data for such policies.

The researcher conducted a survey with 500 residents living in the cultural district of Incheon Open Port to test the research model proposed in the study. As for methodology, logical positivism and a deductive method were applied as social science methods. Collected data was put into descriptive statistical analysis with the SPSS 22.0 program, and research hypotheses were tested with the AMOS 22.0 program to analyze a structural equation model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to analyze the content of questionnaire items in reliability and validity.

The analysis results identified two physical factors of urban regeneration: the regeneration of modern buildings and amenities for residents, two cultural factors: the utilization of local cultural heritage and the utilization of cultural space, two resident quality of life factors: resident satisfaction and participation, and three economic factors: expectations for rising land value, attraction of tourists, and job creation & business district revitalization.

The findings of each variable are as follows: First, the correlation matrix analysis results show that the physical factors, including the regeneration of modern buildings and amenities for residents, had considerable relations with resident satisfaction and participation and that the cultural factors including the utilization of cultural heritage and space also had considerable connections with resident satisfaction and participation. The regeneration of modern buildings, as one of the physical factors, had considerable connections with such economic factors as job creation, expectations for rising land value, and attraction of tourists.

Amenities for residents had considerable connections with job creation and some connections with expectations for rising land value and attraction of tourists. The utilization of cultural heritage and space as a cultural factor had considerable relations with economic factors. Of the economic factors, job creation, business district revitalization, expectations for rising land value, and attraction of tourists had considerable relations with resident satisfaction and participation.

Secondly, the study analyzed causal relationships among the variables and offered the following implications: ① Amenities for residents, a physical factor of urban regeneration, had positive effects on resident satisfaction and participation, which raises a need to plan and implement urban regeneration in a way that residents take active part in and are satisfied. These findings imply a need to reflect amenities for residents actively rather than the regeneration of modern buildings to enhance the active participation and satisfaction of residents.

The utilization of cultural heritage as a cultural factor had no significant effects on resident satisfaction and participation, and the utilization of cultural space had positive effects on resident satisfaction and participation. These findings imply that residents need a space for their active cultural activities after urban regeneration. It is thus needed to reflect various cultural spaces to enjoy cultural life more than now in an urban regeneration project. ② The regeneration of modern buildings and amenities for residents as physical factors had positive impacts on the attraction of tourists as an economic factor.

Amenities for residents had positive impacts on job creation and business district revitalization. The utilization of cultural space as a cultural factor had positive impacts on the expectations for rising land value, attraction of tourists, job creation, and business district revitalization. That is, local residents want diverse economic effects from urban regeneration.

These findings show a need to take into consideration tourists for the regeneration of modern buildings as an economic factor in an urban regeneration project, secure as many amenities for residents to promote their convenient usage by tourists, and ensure diverse cultural spaces to maximize economic effects, including rising land value, attraction of tourists, job creation, and business district revitalization. ③ Expectations for rising land value, attraction of tourists, job creation, and business district revitalization as economic factors had positive influences on the satisfaction and participation of local residents.

These findings show a need to increase expectations for rising land value, take into account all kinds of amenities for tourists to attract more tourist visits, create jobs for local residents, and promote business district revitalization in planning and implementing an urban regeneration project so that the active participation and satisfaction of local residents can be maximized. ④ The study analyzed the mediating effects of economic factors and found that expectations for rising land value had full mediating effects on the impact of the utilization of cultural heritage on resident satisfaction and participation.

These findings imply that the utilization of cultural heritage based on rising land value can increase resident satisfaction and active resident participation while the general utilization of cultural heritage cannot expect satisfaction and participation of local residence. The attraction of tourists had full mediating effects on the impacts of the r