한국 지역균형발전 정책 담론의 형성 과정 : 1962~1972년 국토계획 문서의 분석을 중심으로

1962~1972년 국토계획 문서를 분석해 지역균형발전 담론의 형성을 살핀다.

This study analyzes policy documents produced during the formative period of national planning in South Korea to examine how discourses on balanced regional development emerged and coexisted with strategies of uneven development under the developmental state. The main findings are as follows. First, the discourses began to emerge in the early 1960s, when the agenda for comprehensive national planning gained momentum. These early discourses comprised two perspectives: one emphasizing equity between regions and the other advocating the decentralization of metropolitan functions.

They were shaped by the military regime’s concern for democratic legitimacy, the international aid regime’s promotion of regional planning, and practical concerns over metropolitan congestion. Second, compared to uneven development strategies, these discourses remained in a subordinate position, resulting in delayed implementation or acceptance in limited forms. Nevertheless, the involvement of international aid agencies and the regime’s heightened sense of security reinforced the discourse. Third, the two strands of discourse were synthesized through the First Comprehensive National Physical Development Plan.

Following the establishment of the Yushin regime, the discourse was elevated to a hegemonic vision with the addition of a discourse on industrial zoning of the whole country, as the regime sought to secure political legitimacy through economic growth. Overall, the findings suggest that the persistence of uneven development, which undermined social cohesion and capital accumulation, gave rise to balanced regional development as a discourse of practice.