비오톱지도를 활용한 수도권 도시의 수목 탄소저장량 평가기법 개발 연구 : 경기도 용인특례시를 대상으로

재개발·재건축 과정의 일조권 침해 분쟁과 제도 개선을 연구했다.

This study developed an evaluation method for quantitatively estimating the carbon storage of urban trees using biotope maps, and provided foundational data for the formulation of urban and environmental planning, along with management strategies for carbon sinks. The research direction was established by examining the limitations of Korea’s carbon-neutral policy and the potential applicability of biotope maps. Yongin City was selected as the study area, as it is characterized by a high frequency of conversion of forest land and development permits, and has continuously faced issues related to forest degradation and urban sprawl.

The direction of biotope mapping was established to promote natural ecosystem conservation and restoration, as well as the development of environmentally friendly urban management, reflecting the characteristics of Yongin City. Land use in Yongin City was classified into forest, residential, industrial, commercial and business, transportation, and public facility areas, and has continuously been transformed into factories, commercial facilities, and residential areas associated with relatively high carbon emissions. Land cover was categorized into green areas, built-up areas, and non-surveyable areas, while actual vegetation was classified into urbanized dry areas and green areas.

The results of the biotope type classification indicated 15 biotope classes, 54 biotope groups, and 135 biotope types. Biotope evaluation was conducted through biotope type evaluation and individual biotope evaluation, resulting in biotope grades ranging from grade I to grade V. For the estimation of carbon storage, the study area was classified into forest areas and urbanized areas. The forest areas exhibited diverse vegetation types, tree species, and vertical structure, whereas the urbanized area applied different planting methods according to land use, and thus different estimation methods for carbon storage were applied.

The estimation equations for carbon storage were applied by considering tree growth environments and vertical structure, and were differentiated between forest areas and urbanized areas, as well as between tree and sub-tree layers and shrub layers. Representative sample plots in the forest areas were classified into 13 vegetation communities, while those in the urbanized areas were classified into 37 biotope type categories. The results of the representative sample plot analysis indicated that the forest areas exhibited higher planting density, diameter at breast height, and tree height distribution than the urbanized areas.

In the forest areas, coniferous forest showed higher carbon storage per square meter than deciduous forest, whereas in the urbanized area, street trees, parking lot green areas, and park green areas exhibited higher carbon storage. For the estimation of carbon storage in the forest areas, 291 actual vegetation communities were reclassified into 97 categories. To estimate carbon storage, vegetation community areas, mean diameter at breast height, mean tree height, dominant species, vegetation cover ratio, and green coverage ratio were utilized.

The carbon storage calculated for each community was further classified into biotope type categories by considering vertical structure, growth conditions, and vegetation succession. In Yongin City, the dominant tree species in natural forests were oak species including Quercus mongolica and Quercus acutissima, while plantation forests were composed mainly of Pinus rigida, Larix kaempferi, Castanea crenata, Pinus koraiensis, and Robinia pseudoacacia. The total carbon storage of the forest areas was estimated at 2,887,064.8 tons, and the carbon storage per square meter was calculated as 10.016 kg.

Carbon storage per unit area (m²) was higher in natural–plantation mixed forests and plantation forests than in natural forests, and multistory vegetation structure exhibited higher carbon storage than single-layer structure. In terms of biotope grades, carbon storage per square meter was higher in grade I and grade II biotopes. The higher carbon storage observed in plantation forests was attributed to dense tree planting for timber production purposes and continuous management practices, such as forest tending.

In the urbanized areas, carbon storage was estimated by applying carbon storage per square meter derived from representative sample plots, together with individual biotope area, green coverage ratio, and vegetation cover ratio. The total carbon storage of the urbanized area was estimated at 128,703.1 tons, and the carbon storage per unit area (m²) was calculated as 0.424 kg. Carbon storage per unit area was higher in created green spaces and public land uses, whereas commercial and industrial areas with high carbon emissions exhibited lower carbon storage.

Areas characterized by high carbon storage included those where existing forests were preserved and where greening projects, such as school forest development programs, had been continuously implemented. In terms of biotope grades, carbon storage per square meter was higher in grade IV and grade III biotopes. Areas with higher biotope grades showed lower carbon storage because they mainly consisted of rivers, wetlands, reservoirs, and paddy fields with sparse tree distribution. The total area of Yongin City was 591.9 ㎢, and the total carbon storage was estimated at 3,015,767.9 tons, while the carbon storage per square meter was calculated as 5.1 kg.

Of the total carbon storage in Yongin City, the forest areas accounted for 95.7%, whereas the urbanized area accounted for 4.3%, indicating that most carbon was stored in the forest areas. Carbon storage per unit area was estimated at 10.016 kg in the forest areas, which was approximately 24 times higher than the 0.424 kg estimated for the urbanized areas. Carbon storage maps were produced using two approaches based on total carbon storage (tons) and carbon storage per square meter (kg). The results of carbo