백두대간 생물권보전지역 용도구획 설정을 위한 환경과 인간지수 개발에 관한 연구

백두대간 생물권보전지역의 용도구획 설정 지표를 개발하였다.

Baekdudaegan Mountain Range is a symbol of Korean Peninsula which reflects the history and culture of Korea as well as a significant ecological value for diverse fauna and flora. However, Baekdudaegan has been highly damaged by extensive development during economic development period. To preserve the ecological value of Baekdudaegan with systematic management, government designated the mountain range as ‘Baekdudaegan protected area’, but there is a conflict between residents and government due to the restriction and facility based projects. Therefore, it is necessary to plan a reasonable management for a sustainable conservation of Baekdudaegan.

The Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO’s MAB(Man And the Biosphere programme) is an international protected area which aims at coexistence of nature and man by conserving the local ecology and historical and cultural resources. However, according to the absence of national legislation, policy and dedicated management department, the struggle remains with the management of Biosphere Reserve in Korea, so it is necessary to have a guideline regarding a reasonable designation and management of Biosphere Reserve of Korea.

This study aims to set up the zoning of Biosphere Reserve for a sustainable management of Baekdudaegan which has diverse values and conflicts at the same time by focusing on necessary indices. Research methods consist of literature review, expert survey using AHP, GIS Analysis and so forth. Firstly, prior to the formation of coexistence index of environment and man at Chapter 3, environmental indices of Biosphere Reserve and related protected area in general were collected by literature review at Chapter 2. After choosing the indicators by the principles of indicator selection, final indices were chosen through the unification and reclassification of selected indices.

Referring to the literature review the basis of indices was set and the thematic map was established by applying function of Biosphere Reserve in score to each indicator. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) survey of expert is consist of two steps. First step is to verify the reality and objectivity of the indices. Second step is to identify relative importance of each indicator based on the result derived from the inconsistency value. With the result approved by AHP survey it was possible to establish coexistence index of environment and man by weighting each element of the thematic map.

In chapter 4, zoning of the Biosphere Reserve of Baedudaegan is designated by applying the coexistence index of environment and man. Thematic map and coexistence index of environment and man were made using ‘Arc GIS’ tool, and relative importance was produced by the analysis of AHP using ‘I make it’ the web basis tool. The result of the study is as follows.

9 thematic maps consist of ‘elevation’, ‘slope’ and ‘watershed’ in physical elements, ‘ecological naturalness’,‘crown density’ and ‘forest ages’ in ecological elements and ‘land cover’,‘resident population’ and ‘protected area’ in management elements which are rated by the value of conservation (3 point), buffer (2 point) and development (1point). It was analyzed that the physical elements have a high value of development while the ecological and management elements have a high value of conservation.

After establishing the coexistence index of environment and man integrated by applying the relative importance derived from AHP analysis to the thematic map, ‘land cover’, ‘crown density’, forest ages’, ‘watershed’, ‘elevation’, 'slope',‘protected area’, ‘ecological naturalness’, ‘resident population’ were found to be essential in order of importance. Hereafter coexistence index of environment and man was applied to the zoning of Baekdudaegan Biosphere Reserve.

Considering the top three indices of coexistence index of environment and man within each zone, ‘protected area’, ‘land cover’ and ‘crown density’ had respect to the core zone, ‘land cover’, ‘crown density’ and ‘watershed’ had respect to the buffer zone and lastly ‘land cover', ‘elevation’ and ‘slope’ had respect to the transition area with an order of importance. Overall results acquired from application of the coexistence index of environment and man to Baekdudaegan are as follows. In comparison with Baekdudaegan Biosphere Reserve and Baekdudaegan protected area, the area of Biosphere Reserve is about 4.67 times larger than the area of baekdudaegan protected area.

Besides, Biosphere Reserve is more effective for the conservation of the core area because it has a larger buffer area than baekdudaegan protected area. Therefore, the designation of Biosphere Reserve is prominent for a sustainable management of baekdudaegan in a long term point of view. The significances of this research are as follows: Firstly, it established the indices of Biosphere Reserve which has not yet been studied by academic research by reviewing Biosphere Reserve and relative protected area. Secondly, it proposed the potential of coexistence between nature and man by integrated approach up to the residential area near the protected area in the process of zoning.

Lastly, through the coexistence index of environment and man, it was possible to find additional areas with an ecological potential according to the high conservation value. The research on the management of the zoning in Biosphere Reserve will have to be continued. Especially, because the volition and participation of residents are important in the management of Biosphere Reserve, government will have to educate and promote about Biosphere Reserve to the residents. Most of all the residents of Biosphere Reserve need to seek for the coexistence of themselves and the nature by preserving and utilizing both cultural and natural landscape with an owner spirit.

백두대간은 우리나라 산림생태계의 보고로써, 민족의 역사와 문화가 반영된 생활의 터전이며, 우리나라 국토의 상징이다. 하지만, 경제개발 시대를 거치며 대규모 개발 행위로 생태계가 심하게 훼손되었다. 이에 정부는 백두대간을 ‘백두대간보호지역’으로 지정하여 관리에 힘쓰고 있으나, 규제로 인한 지역주민들과의 마찰과 시설위주의 주민지원 사업 등 갈등의 요소를 내재하고 있다.