통합적 공간환경 관리를 위한 도시설계 마스터플랜 제도 도입 연구 : 제도의 도입 필요성과 계획 내용을 중심으로

통합적 공간환경 관리를 위한 도시설계 마스터플랜 제도 도입을 검토했다.

Korea has made rapid economic growth for the last 50 years, mainly based on the government-led planning system applied in the early part of the development. Particularly the five-year economic development plans including main points of economic policies are estimated to be an essential component of the growth. The legal system and plans that spatially support the economic development have sufficiently contributed to urban physical facilities. In Korea, urban basic plans and urban management plans based on acts on the Act on Planning and Use of National Territory have played roles in planning for and managing national territory.

In the period of urban growth, Korea has led quantitative development centered on ground in order to manage and construct urban infrastructure, and thus grounds has not been integratedly managed as the figures have been separately managed in urban plans and the spatial environment such as better streets, infrastructure, and open space have been managed as the two-dimensional use of ground. However, due to establishment of physical infrastructure and stability of ground development by urban ripening, regeneration and management of the existing urban spaces, rather than large-scaled projects, are being posed as a major issue.

In order to accord with the stream of times, the Scenic Conservation Act in 2007 and the Framework Act on Building in 2008 were established to manage urban spatial environment on a three-dimensional and integrated basis. Also, local governments have competitively established “urban design basic plan” or “public design basic plan” by ordinances for three or four years, and these plans have developed to be three-dimensional and integrated including agglomerative environment of figures containing urban external space as a planning factor.

As the importance of urban spatial environment has been on the increase, plans based different laws are overlapped on the same urban space with their own purpose and are established separately without their visions. Such aspects may indicate that expected efforts have not been demonstrated because of insufficiency in social understanding and empathy on “positive spatial environment” and in discussion on social experience and methods of management for qualitative subjects such as places or urban scenery when the tools for resolving urban issues are changed from approaches of urban planning handling grounds to the ones of urban designing handling three-dimensional spatial environment.

In this context, the purpose of this study is to present necessity of introducing urban design masterplan and measures of planning as a method for supplementation of the existing urban plans and management system and for integrated management of spatial environment.

For theoretical consideration and concept establishment of urban design masterplan, the author in Chapter 2 established necessity and concepts of integrated management of spatial environment via theoretical consideration of spatial environment, and investigated planning factors of urban designing and the “area unit plan” as the domestic urban designing method to redefine the concepts of urban designing as a tool for planning physical environment management and activation programs at the urban level from the existing one limited to area unit plans.

The concept of urban design masterplan is defined to be a plan applied of a urban design tool in order to manage the spatial environment of cities on an integrated basis. By consideration of the subjects of spatial environment and multilateral aspects of urban design, the planning factors of urban design masterplan are established as “interpretation and classification of urban space,” “physical control of spatial environment,” and “strategies for activating spatial environment” for inducing frames for analysis.

In Chapter 3, the author understand systems related to the existing urban design masterplan from the perspectives of “interpretation and classification of urban space,” “physical control of spatial environment,” and “strategies for activating spatial environment” in the regards of the previous urban design masterplan, then analyzing the planning system at urban level. The existing systems related to urban design masterplan can be divided into law-based systems and ordinance-based administrative procedures.

The law-based systems include systems related to the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, the Scenic Conservation Act, the Framework Act on Building, and the Special Law on Balanced National Development. The ordinance-based administrative procedures include systems related to the Urban Design Ordinance and the Public Design Ordinance. Such systems consist of systems of planning, activity & control, review/consultation of projects, and support/promotion. Although these systems have various systems and contents in each of their applicable acts, they may be overlapped or separately implemented for urban space.

The author analyzes planning systems among the related systems in order to induce directions and necessity of planning urban design masterplan.

Based on frames for analysis, the planning systems are analyzed by focusing on “basic plan for cities and guns,” “basic plan for scenery of cities and guns,” “basic plan of construction,” “plan for developing basic settlement area,” “basic plan of urban designing,” and “basic plan of public designing.” The results of the analysis from the perspectives of “interpretation and classification of urban space,” “physical control of spatial environment,” and “strategies for activating spatial environment” showed that visions and factors of planning closely associated with to relevant areas and validity of plans fail to be induced because of insufficiency in managing spatial environment consistently.

Also, due to absence of integrated plans of physical control and support programs for spatial environment, plans depend on project systems to be implemented. The results indicate t