커뮤니티 活性化를 위한 都市計劃施設 複合化 制度改善 方案 硏究

도시계획시설 복합화 제도의 개선 방안을 연구했다.

Korea has started urban development policy since the industrialization of 1960s. The industrialization and urbanization that occurred in such short periods caused the frequent residential movement followed by the change in employment base. Such changes affected the decrease and breakdown of the neighbourhood community spirit and the local community identity formed from the early agricultural society. From the end of 1980s, realizing problems from early urban development policy, Korean government gradually expanded community oriented facilities such as public service facilities and cultural facilities.

Furthermore, Korean government started to seek for the improvement of quality of life based on the local characteristics of community orienting community restoration for amenity. In spite of these development, current community facilities could not perform their roles as a field of social networks between residents. This research suggests the multi-use of community facilities as an efficient way of community restoration for new town residents and it focuses on deriving the agenda for improving a regime. The research was carried out as follows. First, the literature review dealt with theoretical contents of community, community consisting elements, and community facilities.

The multi-use community facilities were selected through the literature review. Second, current community supply and operational systems were examined based on the regulations for each facility and the problems were analyzed. Third, a case study was conducted from Korea to developed countries like USA, Japan, and Canada and suggestions were drawn. Based on such suggestions, advisable application methods were examined. Fourth, for the substantiate analysis of multi-use community facilities, the survey was also performed for government officials, government investment organizations, research institutes, an academic bodies.

From the survey, 79.5% of respondents shared the necessity of multi-use community facilities to improve the quality of the community. Setting up the conceptual framework of community facilities, scrutinizing investigations of associated laws and regulations, case studies and survey results were analyzed together. According to the results, community activate methods can be suggested as follows. First, it is required to build a concrete cooperation among related facilities' subjects. To make its conflict minimize, "Multi- use Community Promotion Committee" should be introduced.

This committee decides on budget, construction and also operation based on the uAgreement on multi-use of community facilities v Second, park and cultural facilities are the core ones for the multi-use community facilities. Maintaining the existing neighbourhood theory is in the overall framework of urban design though key facilities should be changed from primary schools to park or cultural facilities. Third, support from the national and local governments like providing financial aid are also required. As seen in the case studies from other countries, financial aid from national or local level is required in the process of multi-use facilities.

In addition, Fund for community facility v is also needed to implement. Fourth, cultural developments are pursued to respect unique characteristics in the region. Korean government used to ignore the unique characteristics in each province. This approach should change toward to respect its region's unique characteristics to emphasize their identity. Fifth, lively public participation is advisable. It is advisable to activate a public hearing by giving chances to the public to get involved from the beginning (i.e. setting the town planning) to its completion.In addition, indirect participation is also carefully considered.

Most urban plan requires professional knowledge therefore, committee based on professionals from various urban planning fields is asked. When the planning completes, activation of operational programme is required to get some help from a volunteering members. Sixth, actively publicization is also needed. For this, if pilot projects get done first and positively publticize its effect, fruitful results will be expected. To achieve mentioned above, it is necessary to ask to improve the relating laws and regulations. The most effective way is to enact the law Special Act on the multi-use of community facilities.

vHowever, in reality it might take longer to enact, therefore alternative ways such as revising the current laws are also considered. The key laws for new town planning called Planning standard for sustainable newtown v, Act on the implementation and utilization for National Territory vand, uAct on urban park and green area vare requested to revise. 우리나라는 1960년대 산업화와 함께 본격적인 도시개발정책이 시행되었다. 단기간에 산업화와 도시화는 고용기반에 따른 잦은 주거지의 이동을 발생하게 하였으며, 이에 따라 과거 농경사회에서 폭넓게 형성되었던 이웃간의 공동체 의식과 지역 정체성이 완화 내지 붕괴되는 결과를 초래하였다. 80년대 말부터는 이러한 도시개발정책에 문제의식을 바탕으로 공공 서비스시설, 문화시설 등 커뮤니티 지향형 시설들을 점증적으로 확대하였으며, 최근에는 지역성을 바탕으로 공동체 복원, 어메니티(amenity) 추구 등 삶의 질 향상을 위한 질적 발전을 추구하기에 이르렀다.

그러나 이러한 발전에도 불구하고 아직까지 커뮤니티시설들이 주민들의 교류의 장으로서의 제 기능을 다하지 못하다는 것이 대체적인 평가다. 이 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 토대로 신도시 주민의 공동체의 복원을 위한 효과적인 수단으로서 커뮤니티시설의 복합화를 제안하고, 복합화를 위한 제도개선 과제를 도출하는 것에 그 목적을 두었으며, 연구는 다음과 같이 진행하였다. 첫째, 문헌연구를 통하여 커뮤니티, 커뮤니티의 구성요소, 커뮤니티시설 등에 대한 이론적 내용을 고찰하여 복합화할 시설을 선정하였다. 둘째, 현행 커뮤니티시설 공급 및 운영체계를 시설별 관련 제도를 중심으로 검토하여 그 문제점을 분석하였다. 셋째, 커뮤니티시설 관련 중심 시설별 국내 사례를 조사하였고, 한편으로는 커뮤니티시설 복합화가 발달한 미국, 일본, 캐나다 등 외국의 사례를 살펴본 후 국내외 사례에서 도출된 시사점과 우리나라에서의 바람직한 적용방안을 검토하였다. 넷째, 커뮤니티시설 복합화에 대한 실증적인 분석을 위하여 관련 분야의 공무원, 정부투자기관, 연구원, 학회 등을 중심으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과 커뮤니티 향상을 위하여 시설 복합의 필요성에 대하여 응답자의 79.5%가 공감하고 있는 것으로 나타나 절실한 실정임을 확인하였다.

이와 같이 커뮤니티시설에 대한 개념 정립과, 관련제도 분석, 국내외 사례조사, 설문조사 결과 등을 종합적으로 분석한 결과 시설 복합화를 통한 커뮤니티 활성화 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 시설별 관련 주체의 협력체계를 구축한다. 다양한 시설의 연계ㆍ통합에 따른 기관간 마찰을 최소화하기 위해 관계기관과 민간 전문가로 구성된 커뮤니티시설 복합화 추진위원회를 두며, 동 위원회에서 커뮤니티시설 복합화 협정 체결 등을 통하여 비용부담, 건설 및 운영방식을 결정한다. 둘째, 커뮤니티시설 복합화의 중심시설은 공원과 문화시설로 한다. 도시설계의 큰 틀은 기존의