수도권 개발제한구역 취락지구의 경관특성

수도권 개발제한구역 내 취락지구의 경관 특성을 분석했다.

Background Information and the Purpose: Even though the establishment of industrial facilities was found to be the major factor in worsening the residential environment of villages located in the greenbelt area. there was no system to analyze and evaluate the status of community districts individually. For this reason, we analyzed the characteristics of villages in the greenbelt by applying the landscape theory, which is a research field developed for villages, as a unit for small space. There are three research questions. First, what characteristics does the policy of villages in the greenbelt areas have?

Second, what changes were brought to the villages through the relaxation of regulations? Third, do the current landscape characteristics meet the purpose of the policy in the greenbelt areas? The purpose of the study was to examine the policy features of villages in the greenbelt areas, which are special urban planning areas. In addition, we aimed to analyze the landscape characteristics brought about by changes in the use of buildings. Research Method: As subjects for this study, we selected 248-villages located in the greenbelt areas of Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA).

Since the development of SMA has continued, research needs to be conducted first to achieve the goals for the greenbelt areas. We adopted three research methods as follows. First, we analyzed information related to villages and the relaxation of regulations, which appear in the policy of the greenbelt areas. Second, we analyzed the level of diversity and non-residential use of each villages based on the building use data. In addition, we selected a representative village per development level section and analyzed the changes in the use of buildings.

Third, we analyzed the landscape characteristics of 30 representative villages in terms of the four indicators (naturalness, imageability, stewardship and disturbance) based on the perception trend of 40 participants in the landscape characteristics analysis. The purpose of research on perception using photos from the field is to identify the major factors used by participants to evaluate the landscape and derive the main elements of the landscape by analyzing this information. Finally, the landscape characteristics of villages have been interpreted based on the analysis of each villages.

Research Results: The change in the landscape characteristics in villages of the greenbelt begins with policy changes. The Constitutional Court ruled that the greenbelt violates the property rights of individuals in 1998. It led to the relaxation of regulations, but only limited measures were taken to expand the scope of building use. Therefore, a unique situation has occurred where only the usage of buildings has changed while the total number of buildings has remained constant. These effects are found in the analysis of building use. Change in the villages included the conversion of buildings from single-family houses to neighborhood convenience facilities.

As a result of analyzing the buildings of 30 representative villages, we found that 78 out of a total of 108 buildings, were changed to neighborhood convenience facilities between 1994 and 2020. In addition, there was no significant change in the development level in the case of “low” development sections. However, in the “middle” and “high” development sections, where the development levels were high, the level of diversity decreased, and non-residential use increased. In other words, in areas with a high level of development, particular non-residential uses became permanent. And the second type of neighborhood convenience facilities accounted for the largest proportion among them.

The landscape characteristics of the villages in the greenbelt areas formed by the change in the use of buildings can be summarized into four categories. First, landscape characteristics are perceived differently for each indicator, depending on the type of green space. Second, among the four indications, the stewardship aspect was found to be the most important. Third, there was a tendency to evaluate rural and urban areas separately. Fourth, the landscape of the villages where the management plan was carried out was recognized positively. To summarize, the greenbelt areas are managed by a uniform policy. In contrast, various changes were found in each villages in regards to landscape.

Conclusion: The villages in the greenbelt areas are changing. Even though the urban sprawl is strictly limited due to the greenbelt policy, the relaxation of regulations and the changes in the use of buildings has led to diversity in landscape characteristics per villages. The main types of villages in the greenbelt areas can be categorized into three: villages which remain as agricultural areas; villages which are becoming housing site; and villages which are becoming industrialized.

The distinctive feature is that the building use and forms have changed while maintaining the natural land form except for villages where a small number of infrastructure maintenance projects have been carried out. This shows the urbanization in the greenbelt areas. The results of this study have the following policy implications. Instead of uniform management, it is necessary to provide a customized management that reflects the unique characteristics of each villages. In fact, difference in landscape characteristics was found between the villages centered on residential buildings and the villages centered on neighborhood convenience facilities.

In particular, if neighborhood convenience facilities dominate the villages, it is highly likely that the function of the village will be lost. Therefore, this problem will have to be managed promptly to achieve the purpose of the greenbelt policy. 배경 및 목적 : 산업시설의 유입으로 인한 난개발이 개발제한구역 내 위치한 취락지역의 주거환경을 악화시키는 주요 요인이라는 사실이 알려져 있음에도 불구하고, 개별 취락지구의 현황을 분석하고 평가할 수 있는 체계가 마련되어 있지 않았다. 이에 소규모 공간단위인 취락(마을)을 대상으로 발전된 연구 분야인 경관이론을 적용하여 개발제한구역 취락지구의 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 질문은