부산시민공원의 사례로 본 도시공원 경계부의 입체적 도시설계 전략 연구

부산시민공원 경계부의 연결성을 높이는 입체적 도시설계 전략을 제시했다.

This study presented a multifaceted urban design plan to strengthen the connectivity of the spatially and functionally disconnected boundaries of urban parks, focusing on the multiple characteristics of boundaries and multifaceted urban design strategies. This study identified multiple boundary attributes and derived a multifaceted urban design strategy. This approach enhances connectivity, sense of place, and porosity of the boundaries of the Busan Citizens Park area, which is a development case of a relocated site within the city. A relocated site within a city occurs when existing functions of a building or facility fall short of the environmental and functional needs of that city.

Relocated sites within cities are recognized as a major resource for supplying large-scale facilities, such as parks and residential complexes under the shortage of land available for development. However, there are some cases where the disconnected nature of existing functions would not be removed. In particular, because the relocated site is one of the main resources for supplying parks in a city, there is a need for considering connectivity with the surrounding urban fabric in the process of transforming the relocated site into a park. However, there are cases where a park plan does not consider connectivity between the park and the surrounding areas sufficiently.

The development of relocated sites within cities further affects the surrounding areas, and in the projects developing parks at relocated sites, the areas surrounding the park may be developed as a residential complex through additional maintenance projects. However, in the complex-type development approach of maintenance projects, there are many cases where boundaries are green buffer zones, retaining walls, or otherwise limited due to social control. Thus, there is a need for a multifaceted urban design scheme, which considers both aspects of the park and the residential complex to enhance connectivity between the park and the surrounding urban fabric.

First, there are many urban parks projects planned in relocated sites, including Busan Citizens Park, while their spatially and functionally disconnected boundaries have not been sufficiently removed. To remove these disconnected boundaries, there is a need for multiple characteristics that concurrently separate and mediate two certain areas. Due to their multiple characteristics, boundaries mediate two areas by the physical, visual, and psychological factors constituting the boundary (connectivity). Additionally, boundaries constrain various activities and experiences (sense of place). Or boundaries allow various penetrations, thereby adding physical and visual openness (porosity).

Second, multifaceted urban design scheme which realize the multiple attributes of boundaries are largely divided into three types (connection of flow, visual connections, and program-based connection), and five detailed design strategies (stairs·ramps·bridgies, continuous floors, visual connections, public buildings, plazas). Specifically, the flow can be connected through stairs·ramps·bridgies, as well as continuous floors to improve the connectivity of the boundaries. Or the two areas can be connected through programs by installing a public building or plaza at the boundary to enhance the sense of place.

Furthermore, to improve porosity, mutual penetration of the two areas can be facilitated by visual connection through permeability, as well as connection of flow through continuous floors. Third, this study proposed a multifaceted urban design plan for the boundaries of the Busan Citizens Park area, which is a development case of a relocated site within the city. Due to the closed nature of the previous facility, which was used for U.S. military camp, there is some disconnection along its boundaries. Busan Citizens Park has the following problems: 1. there is a disconnection due to roads in terms of connectivity, 2.

there is a lack of possibility of occurrence of various behaviors in terms of the sense of place, and 3. there is an issue of physical and visual disconnection due to some disconnected boundaries in terms of porosity. In addition, because the “Reorganization Promotion District and Promotion Plan around Busan Citizens Park(시민공원주변 재정비촉진지구 및 촉진계획)” and the “Bujeon Station Complex Transit Center Plan(부전역 복합환승센터 계획)” are scheduled for the areas surrounding Busan Citizens Park, there is a need for emphasizing the multiplicity of the boundaries as a mediating sphere.

This study, focusing on key strategies to enhance connectivity, placeness, and porosity in the boundaries of the Busan Citizens Park area, selected continuous floors and the installation of public buildings and plazas, and proposed a master plan for the boundaries. To improve the connectivity from the surrounding areas to the park, a total of two continuous floors were planned by adding another spot at the eastern boundary. To improve the sense of place at the boundaries of the park, a total of three public buildings were designated by adding one each to the eastern and southern boundaries, respectively.

Moreover, to secure the sense of place and porosity at the boundaries, a total of six plazas were planned by adding five more along the major flow of pedestrians. In particular, the boundary between Busan Citizens Park and its Redevelopment Promotion Zone 3 was set as a strategic zone to present a multifaceted urban design strategy in detail. Based on the multiplicity of boundaries, this study derived multiple attributes of boundaries, and further presented a multifaceted urban design plan for the boundaries of Busan Citizens Park area.

This analysis and the multifaceted urban design plan exhibit significance in their applicability to various boundaries, including those of the Busan Citizens Park area. The results of this study could be utilized for urban and architectural planning to enhance connectivity, the sense of place, and porosity of urba