環境親和的 山地開發의 基準과 指標 設定에 關한 硏究

환경친화적 산지개발의 기준과 지표를 설정하는 방안을 연구했다.

With further development of national economy for the 21st century, our society will be more diversified and proceed to more democratic society, and decentralization of governments will be further promoted. In this regard, conservation, development and use of forestlands should be pursued in consideration of local characteristics. In compliance with such a contemporary desire and in order for forestlands to contribute to promoting people's quality of life with the national economic development, indiscreet conversion of forestlands into other purposes should be prevented and environmentally-friendly forestland development introduced.

In addition to legal and institutional improvement, scientific and objective development and application of indicators for environmentally sound forestland conversion will be important. In recognition of such problems, first, this study analyzed functions and roles of forestlands, and clarified concepts and conditions of environmentally sound forestland development through foreign countries' cases in both aspects of theory and practicality.

Secondly, this study proposed a way of incorporating forestland development methods which prevent indiscreet development of forestlands into current legal and institutional system, and proposed political and institutional measures to induce activation of forestland development.

Third, this study identified the status and problems of forestland development against five types of popular forestland uses such as golf course and residential area development, established indicators necessary for prevention of inconsiderate development through Del-Phi survey to expert groups and determined criteria for forestland development which could be compatible between conservation and development over selected indicators. Major research results are as follows : 1.

There are currently several forestland use-related policies such as area zoning, environmental impact assessment, forestland use classification by Forest Law and forestland use by other individual laws, for efficient forestland use in compliance with economic, social and cultural changes. However, because forestland policies are too much focused on keeping the forestlands, not the efficient use of forestlands, there has been lack of measures to prevent forest destruction and indiscreet development of forestlands prevailed by flatland development methods. 2.

Our country, like in the advanced countries, also needs to develop methods and criteria for forestland development being able to regulate with full authority, regardless of zoned area. Permission to forestland conversion should secure objectivity and impartiality. Suitability assessment system for forestland development should be enacted to prevent natural disaster like landslides and maintain forest landscape. Through the criteria for environmentally-friendly forestland development, it should take a reviewing process whether to see its appropriateness. 3.

Aiming at environmentally-friendly forestland development, total 11 indicators were selected such as forest vegetation, topography, distance to water way, slope, accessibility, building height, cutting edge height, maintenance of original shape, coverage ratio, green space ratio and width of forests between facilities. According to development types, their criteria and indicators were proposed. 4. To be successful with the environmentally-friendly forestland development, the criteria and indicators should be institutionalized into the Forestland Management Act(draft) and planning-first-and-development-second system introduced by drawing up a forestland development basic plan.

However, application of the criteria and indicators could be different, depending upon localities. Unlike the cases of Japan and Germany where policies and institutions are well developed by taking into account the long tradition of local autonomy and local characteristics, as our country needs more coordinating role of central government, the necessity for new establishments of forest-related conservation laws and regulations at the central level and the establishment of national council of coordination should be reviewed. 5.

To increase transparency of the procedures for permission to forestland development, participatory approach, involving local people, should be institutionalized to facilitate screening the projects at the initial stage which seem to have high risks of environmental degradation. 6. When the forestland development projects such as golf course and skiing area are discontinued and the lands discarded are required for urgent reclamation, natural disaster prevention order should be put in place. In case of disobedience of the order, deposits received should be proxy-executed by enacting lawful provisions.

As well, when the forests having high potential for multiple functions of forests are converted to other purposes, levy taxes for conversion should be extra weighted. 7. In the long term, forest function classification map should be prepared for the whole forest land base, and then forestland development implemented in consideration of forest functions and roles. With such a background, clear goals of planning local biotopes and natural reserves should be identified by judging whether a community should be protected and combining populations are appropriate. 8.

Over the restricted areas for forestland development or the forestlands getting restrictions for normal forest management by the other laws and regulations, legal system should be introduced for the national or local governments to buy over the land within the budget limit in case the land owners request to do so. 9. In order to firmly introduce the concept of environmentally -friendly forestland development, a new paradigm will be essential that forestlands are not just the reserved areas which will be converted to other uses when necessary, but national assets of people protecting our living and bringing our safety.