재개발·재건축조합 설립절차와 정비사업조합법인의 법적성질에 대한 연구

재개발·재건축조합 설립 절차와 조합법인의 법적 성질을 검토했다.

The act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents makes it a rule for the parties who have property interest to promote redevelopment·reconstruction business autonomically through preparing the expenses by themselves, the series of permission of association establishment, business enforcement plan·management and disposition plan only exist under the premise of association members' decision making in the general meeting of association members.

Also, in case that the failure of redevelopment·reconstruction business is expected, and in case that the ownership on lands and buildings more than a certain number applies dissolution of redevelopment·reconstruction association, mayor·governor should cancel approval of promotion committee or permission of association establishment. Considering this aspect, the fundamental motivational forces of redevelopment·reconstruction association can be said to be in the pursuit of land and building owner's interest.

However, precedent of Supreme Court determines that administrative agency makes redevelopment·reconstruction association as a public juridical person, administrative main agent, through association establishment permission, and the administrative main agent which was made at this time establishes and develops business enforcement plan·management and disposition plan. This theoretical composition of the precedent of Supreme Court cannot release the public from the responsibility of failure of redevelopment·reconstruction business.

In case when comprehending permission as construction disposition and continuously maintaining the theory of Supreme Court which treats redevelopment·reconstruction association related suit as administrative suit, the advantage cannot be sufficiently utilized that was given while solving the concrete dispute generated from the establishment existing redevelopment· reconstruction and business promotion process through civil suit. The attitude of the precedent of Supreme Court which comprehends redevelopment·reconstruction association as administrative main agent excessively unifies legal relation around redevelopment· reconstruction association, and only makes the treatment method inelastic.

The characteristic of establishment permission of redevelopment·reconstruction association should be understood from the viewpoint of the process of making public interest of private interest. When private interest pursuit of individual ownership on lands and buildings is gathered through resolution of resident general meeting and when it gets public interest in a certain part through the establishment behavior, the association of the ownership on lands and buildings will be considered as civilly injuridical person group.

Confirmation of articles of association in foundation general meeting is the most important procedure for the redevelopment·reconstruction association to prepare the substance of the division, through this justification of enforcement which redevelopment·reconstruction association exerts can be said to be secured. Articles of the association function as self-government regulations, and resolution of general meeting which confirms this can be comparable to legislative proceedings of assembly. Justification of law cannot but absolutely depend on the justification of the legislative proceedings.

In the general meeting, the process that the individual associate members make the regulation on restriction of their property rights, confirmation work of articles of association can be said to be the resolution of joint act. This is the process to collect the whole association members' public interest to private interest of individual ownership on lands and buildings generally, which is the discovery work of public interest and at the same time the formation work of public interest.

Association establishment permission of the act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents is to finally confirm the aspect of public interest which redevelopment· reconstruction association has before permission with the substance of division, and to prepare complete legal characteristic under the premise of continuously receiving public legal regulation henceforth. Precedent of Supreme Court and common theory judges association establishment permission as construction rights disposition.

This position focuses on restricting individual dispute through civil suite between the ownership on lands and buildings in respect of defect of each association resolution. However, it is basic that the owners of lands and buildings pursue the economic interest of the substance of redevelopment·reconstruction business. When this is not respected but only public purpose is fulfilled, the owners of lands and buildings don't have reason to receive serious restriction on their property rights, also, there is no basis to completely impose necessary expences for association operation on the association members.

Also, construction rights disposition theory has the absolute limit to impose all responsibilities on the permission of administrative agency. Permission screening process which actually is performed is a confirmation behavior, merely done mainly with document screening, which does not contain the practical process to make a legal agent by regulating interest relation between ownership on lands and buildings with various interest relationship. Association members' right·duty can be concretized in the individual agreement of ownership on lands and buildings and the resolution of general meeting.

Concrete business progress of redevelopment·reconstruction association establishes the association through agreement or resolution of the ownership on lands and buildings according to the procedure determined by the act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents and follows the establishment of business enforcement plan and management an