韓國의 財産稅 歸着에 關한 實證分析

토지와 건물에 부과되는 재산세의 귀착 효과를 실증 분석했다.

This paper represents an attempt to estimate the incidence of the local property taxes on land and sturetures using the family income and expenditure survey, and the local tax statistics. These data sets were collected in 1989. The models used for estimation are drawn on the traditional and the new views, respectively. The extent to which the tax burden is shifted forward or backward differs, depending on whether the models treat land and structures separately or jointly. The tax incidence also depends critically on other factors.

These include the assumptions about the mobility of capital and population among regions and industries, the demand and supply parameters of the properties under consideration, and the elasticity of substitution between land and non-land inputs in the production of various goods and services. Most of these considerations are taken into account in the construction of the empirical model whenever the data are so permitted. Th major findings of the study are as follows. The estimates derived from the traditional model indicate that the tax burden on land is progressive, while that on the structures regressive.

The extent to which the tax burdens are shifted is such that the combined effect prove to be slightly progressive. However, the magnitude of the burden is found to be about 0.8% of the family income on average. On the other hand, the global burden based on the new view is estimated to be progressive, but its magnitude averaged 0.64 to 0.68 percent of the family income. The excise tax effects are regressive, meaning that those living in the regions with the effective tax rates higher than the national average bear greater burden as a proportion of their incomes.

On the whole, these findings are combined to suggest that the effective tax burdens are much lower than implied by the progressive rate structure of the statutory tax system. Therefore, if the tax system is to live up to its intended roles, there must be systematic efforts on the part of the tax administration to raise the assessed value of the tax base as close as possible to the market value of the assets, as well as limiting to the minimum the extensive exemptions and deductions allowed under the current local property tax system.