한국과 중국 도시계획 비교 연구

한국과 중국의 도시계획 체계와 도시개발 과제를 비교했다.

Along with the progress of urbanization following rapid industrialization, Korea and China have experienced important changes and challenges in urban development. In the context of accelerated urbanization and intercity competition around the world, the social, economic, and environmental impacts of cities are comprehensively understood through a close analysis of urban planning systems in Korea and China, the central countries of the East Asian region, and a discourse on sustainable development is raised.

By comparing and analyzing the main contents and characteristics of the urban planning system, national spatial planning, and urban planning of Korea and China, this study aims to deeply understand the development status of the two countries in the field of urban planning and to reveal the similarities and differences between the strategies and policies adopted in the urbanization process. Through this, we tried to evaluate the influence of various strategies on urban development.

To this end, this study actively utilizes literature research methods to comprehensively investigate the legal, administrative, and operating systems of urban planning in Korea and China, and systematically compare and analyze urban plans in the two countries in various aspects such as national spatial planning, regional planning, and land use classification. Through this analysis, it was intended to derive successful experiences and challenges that appear in urban planning in Korea and China, and based on this, to provide useful guidelines and lessons for urban planning in other countries and regions. This paper is organized as follows.

In Chapter 1, the background and purpose of the study, the scope and method of the study, and in Chapter 2, the theoretical background was organized through concepts such as urban planning, land use classification, and regional planning, and prior research. Chapter 3 analyzes the details of urban planning in Korea and China, and Chapter 4 compares and analyzes urban planning in Korea and China, and Chapter 5 summarizes the conclusions obtained from this, and presents implications based on this.

This study aims to understand in-depth the impact of urbanization on society and the environment and to reveal how various policies play a role in the sustainability of the city, and to find ways to promote sustainable development of the city and improve the quality of life of its citizens. To summarize the laws and urban planning systems related to urban planning in Korea and China, which are the main contents of the study, Korea's major laws related to urban planning in the legal system are the Framework Act on National Land and the Act on National Land Planning and Utilization.

The National Land Space Planning Act is being prepared in China, and the Urban and Rural Planning Act is currently the main law. Looking at the administrative system of urban planning, Korea has established and operated an urban planning committee in the competent departments of the state (central government), metropolitan cities, provinces, cities, counties, and autonomous districts, while China is organized and operated by the administrative departments in charge of urban and rural planning in the state, provinces, autonomous districts, direct cities, cities, and prefectures.

The Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, special mayors, metropolitan mayors, special autonomous mayors, special autonomous mayors, governors, mayors, county and district governors, and the establishment of urban planning in China is organized by the department in charge of urban and rural planning under the State Council, the people's government of province, autonomous districts, the people's government of city, the people's government of town, and the people's government of village, and the lower people's government must obtain approval from the higher people's government.

Korea's national land space planning system consists mainly of comprehensive national land plans, super-wide area plans, comprehensive provincial and county plans, regional plans, and sectoral plans established by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport every 20 years. China's national land space planning system consists of national land space plans, provincial land space plans, municipal land space plans, local land space plans, Jin national space plans, and specialized plans, providing macroscopic guidance and basic grounds for the country. China's national land space plan is still under development and is likely to develop in a more specific form in the future.

In terms of urban use classification, Korea and China have similar classification systems, but there are differences in specific detailed classifications. In Korea, use areas are set up into four major categories: urban areas, management areas, agricultural and forestry areas, and natural environmental conservation areas.

China has 24 major categories: cultivated lands, garden lands, forest lands, grass lands, wet lands, agricultural facility construction lands, residential lands, governmnet and community lands, commercial and service lands, industrial and mining lands, warehouse lands, transportation lands, municipal utilities lands, green space and open space lands, special lands, and vacated lands. These differences reflect differences in approaches to urban planning and management according to the direction of urban development in each country.

The latest urban planning direction in Korea and China is an urban regeneration plan to relieve chronic traffic congestion and urban congestion through intensive high-density development, reduce energy waste and carbon emissions, and transform into an eco-friendly city. A compact city, a form of mixed-use development where functions are located together, a city that coexists with nature, a green building that uses less energy and does not emit carbon emissions by using renewable energy such as solar energy, an eco-friendly transportation a