인천청라지구 계획과정 및 변경요인 분석에 관한 연구

인천 청라지구의 계획 과정과 계획 변경 요인을 분석했다.

With the object of agricultural land secure, the reclamation of the Incheon's northwest region had been being mainly made in 1910 a long time ago until 2000 on a large scale. It is through the reclaimed land in Gimpo business, that is the enormous reclamation project by the Dongah Construction, from 1980 by the year 1991 to form the current shoreline. The reclamation object was an agricultural originally. But the Dongah Construction proposed the change of land use to a government according to the change of an environment including the Incheon International Airport build announcement of 1990 early year, and etc. But it was returned.

Thereafter, the development blueprint of the reclaimed land in Gimpo business was suggested by Korea Rural Community Corporation, and etc. But it was unable to be realized and a government discussed the selection of economic special district for the West Coast area of Korea according to the change of external and internal environment given condition including the rise of 2000 early year Northeast Asian Economic Zone and China, and etc. in order to correspond to thus. The IFEZ Cheongna District is selected in reclaimed land in Gimpo business to 2003.8 and the Korea Land & Housing Corporation, and etc is progressing the business.

As to the IFEZ Cheongna District, there were the changes of the development plan of about 5 times till now with 2010.6 since 2003.8 first development plan was established. The object of this research analyzes what factors have affected on planning change in the urban planning process of the IFEZ Cheongna District and looks into how the planning participation subjects reached an affect on an establishment and change of a plan based on this. The main contents of this paper is as follows.

The urban planning process of the IFEZ Cheongna District can be divided into ① plan and changes of led by the public sectors, ② plan by privates, ③ detail plan of Incheon High-tech Park(IHP), and ④ plan corresponding to change in market condition.

As a result of analyzing with each land use and each season in order to investigate the factors affecting on the IFEZ Cheongna District's planning change, ① the plan establishment(change) of main contractor, ② correction of the error, ③ government policy(opinion) reflection, ④ request of the local autonomous entity(Inchon City hall and IFEZ Authority and etc.), ⑤ request of infrastructure installer, ⑥ change of outside plans, ⑦ request of foreign investors, ⑧ request of land purchaser, ⑨ change of market conditions and etc. were the factors affecting on planning change in the IFEZ Cheongna District.

The type of the conflict subjects can be divided into the relation(conflict) between the government(including the local autonomous entity) and land planner, relation(conflict) between the land purchaser(including foreign investors) and land planner, and inter-governmental(the central government and local autonomous entity) relation(conflict) if the land use planning game through sort of conflict management is looked at based on the factors affecting on planning change in the IFEZ Cheongna District.

Finally, the influence on the IFEZ Cheongna District's urban planning process and change of planning process of each plan participation subjects were organized compared with the influence scheme of McGlynn. First, in the provider side, whereas an influence was big in case of the foreign country in the land use planning and the distric unit plan of landowners and capitalists, the landowners, that are the land suppliers of the IFEZ Cheongna District, did nearly not have the influence reached to the total planning process including the selection of the Free Economic Zone, establishment and change of a plan, and etc.

Second, in the producer aspect, there was the difference of detail subjects with the foreign country. And the influence that the public section reaches to a plan in the planning process including the selection of the Free Economic Zone, establishment and change of a plan, and etc. in comparison with other subjects was very big in case of the IFEZ Cheongna District. In the planning process, the point which is similar to the case of the foreign country is very bigger than the influence that the development user exerts to the role or the influence of the producer. Third, in the consumer side, the influence reached as the case of the foreign country to the process of a plan was not great.

Recently, a role as proper coordinator of the urban planner is considered important in the various conflict relations. It has indirectly the task representing a user point of view in the producer category of the development process. Therefore, the Korea Land & Housing Corporation, that is the main contractor which has to carry out the role of the urban planner at the IFEZ Cheongna District, has to play an important role as proper coordinator in the planning process between the point of view of the producer and the point of view of the consumer.

It is considered that the various participation methods by residents have to be reflected legally and institutionally in the planning process of the Free Economic Zone Business in the future. Key words : reclaimed land, free economic zone, urban planning process, land use planning game, conflict theory, influence scheme(McGlynn) 인천서북부지역의 간척은 주로 농업용지 확보를 목적으로 1910년도 이전부터 2000년도까지 대규모로 이루어져 왔다. 현재의 해안선을 형성한 것은 1980년도부터 1991년까지 동아건설(주)에 의한 대규모 간척사업인 김포매립지 사업을 통해서이다. 매립목적은 당초 농업용이었으나, 1990년초 정부의 인천국제공항 건립 발표 등 주변여건의 변동에 따라 동아건설(주)은 용도변경을 정부에 건의하였으나 반려되었다. 그 후 한국농어촌공사 등에 의해 개발구상(안)이 수립되었으나, 실현되지 못하다가 2000년초 동북아 경제권과 중국의 부상 등 대내외적 여건의 변화에 따라 정부는 이에 대응하기 위하여 서해안 지역에 경제특구 지정을 논의하였다.

2003.8월 김포매립지 일원에 인천청라지구 경제자유구역이 지정되어 한국토지주택공사 등에 의해 사업추진중이다. 인천청라지구는 2003.8월 최초 개발계획이 수립된 이후 2010.6월 현재까지 5차례의 개발계획의 변경이 있었다. 본 연구의 목적은 현재까지 인천청라지구의 도시계획과정에서 어떤 요인에 의하여 변경이 이루어져 왔는지를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 계획 참여주체가 계획의 수립 및 변경에 얼마나 영향을 미쳤는지 알아보는데 있다. 본 논문의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 인천청라지구의 도시계획과정은 크게 ① 공공주도의 계획 및 변경, ② 민간에 의한 계획, ③ 첨단산업용지 중심의